နအဖ တပ္ဖြဲ႕၀င္ ၃ဦး ရင္ဆိုင္တိုက္ပြဲတြင္ က်ဆုံး

ဇန္န၀ါရီလ ၂၉ရက္။ (ေကအိုင္စီ)

ကရင္ျပည္နယ္ လိႈင္းဘြဲၿမိဳ႕နယ္အတြင္းရွိ နအဖ ခမရ(၃၄၃)ႏွင့္ ကရင္အမ်ဳိးသားလြတ္ေျမာက္ေရးတပ္မေတာ္ (ေကအဲန္အယ္ လ္ေအ) တပ္ရင္း(၂၁)တို႔ ယေန႔မနက္တြင္ ရင္ဆိုင္တိုက္ပြဲျဖစ္ပြားရာ နအဖဘက္မွ တပ္ၾကပ္တဦး အပါအ၀င္ ၃ဦး က်ဆံုးခဲ့ သည္ဟု သိရသည္။
“ျဖစ္တာက ဒီမနက္ ၆နာရီ ၀၅မိနစ္မွာပဲ လိႈင္းဘြဲၿမိဳ႕နယ္၊ တေရဖိုးကြီးနဲ႔ ရွမ္းရြာသစ္ၾကားက မဲ့ေတာ္ေဒးေနရာမွာ မိနစ္ ၂၀ ေလာက္ ၾကာတယ္။ နအဖရဲေဘာ္ေတြလည္း တိုက္ပြဲျဖစ္တာနဲ႔ ကစဥ့္ကလ်ားကို ထြက္ေျပးၾကတယ္။ က်ေနာ္တို႔လူေတြက ၁၅ ေယာက္ပဲ။ သူတို႔ဘက္က အေယာက္ ၃၀ေလာက္ရွိတာ။ ဒီတိုက္ပြဲမွာ နအဖဘက္က တပ္ၾကပ္ ၁ဦးနဲ႔ တပ္သား ၂ဦးက်တယ္။ ဒဏ္ရာရသူကေတာ့ က်ေနာ္တို႔ ယူလို႔မရဘူး။”ဟု ေကအဲန္အယ္လ္ေအ တပ္မဟာ(၇)မွ တပ္မွဴးတဦးက ေျပာသည္။
အဆိုပါ ရင္ဆိုင္တိုက္ပြဲတြင္ ေကအဲန္အယ္လ္ေအဘက္မွ ထိခိုက္မႈမရွိဘဲ နအဖတပ္ဖြဲ႕၏ ၆၀-မမ ၁လက္၊ အမ္ေအ-ဖိုး ၁ လက္၊ အမ္ေအ-၀မ္း ၁လက္ႏွင့္ က်ည္ဆံအေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားကို သိမ္းဆည္းႏုိင္ခ့ဲသည္ဟု သိရသည္။
ေကအဲန္အယ္လ္ေအ တပ္ရင္း(၂၁)သည္ တပ္မဟာ(၇) လက္ေအာက္ခံတပ္ရင္းျဖစ္ၿပီး ခမရ(၃၄၃)မွာ နအဖ စစ္ကြပ္ကဲေရး ဌာနခ်ဳပ္(၁၉)၏ လက္ေအာက္ခံ တပ္ရင္းျဖစ္သည္။

A Letter from Three Pagodas Pass

THREE PAGODAS PASS—From the relative comfort of Sangkhalaburi in Thailand, it took just 45 minutes by motorbike to reach the Burmese border.
As we got off our bikes to push them toward the Thai checkpoint—something the Burmese authorities have always insisted on, but which the Thais have just adopted—my heart was beating hard. I knew that journalists were not allowed near this border crossing and if the Burmese army caught me I would be looking at a long spell in prison.
We did get through though, with a minimum of fuss. Immediately on the Burmese side, the tarmacked road stops and a rocky trail begins. We bumped along on our bikes so badly that, later, I would need to take paracetamol for the headache and the pain I inflicted on myself.
Thu Rain, a resident in Thee Pagodas Pass, told me: “Over the past 20 years, if each army officer who had a tour of duty in this town laid one square foot of cement, then every road in Thee Pagodas would be sealed by now.”
Burmese government forces seized Three Pagodas Pass from the New Mon State Party (NMSP) some 21 years ago. Legend has it that a local Thai businessmen accepted a bribe to smuggle Burmese soldiers inside his trucks across the border to Thailand from where they launched a successful attack from the rear and defeated the bewildered NMSP army.
Despite the fact that fighting could erupt at any time between the various factions in the area, the town was quiet and everyone looked somewhat lazy. I saw uniformed soldiers from the NMSP and even the renegade Brigade 5 of the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA) strolling down the street.
My friend told me that they had been banned from Three Pagodas Pass after their leaders rejected the military junta's border guard force (BGF) proposal, but no one batted an eyelid that they were walking around.
Although I did not see any, I was told that foreign tourists are welcome to visit the town for just US $10 a head. Thais only have to pay 50 baht ($1.50). Three Pagodas is currently home to about 70,000 people who mostly enjoy 24-hour electricity, courtesy of the fact that they are on the Thai national grid.
I met up with some members of the NMSP that I had known for a long time. We sat at a tea house and chatted. Very soon, two DKBA members came over and asked my friend whether I was a motorbike dealer, in which case they would demand taxes from me. My friend convinced them that I was just a friend and they left us alone.
An NMSP insignia was still nailed to a plaque above the door of their office even though it remained closed. Elsewhere, a handful of NMSP and DKBA flags could still be seen.
Several homes and shops were closed. On Nov. 8 last year, hundreds of townsfolk had to flee to the Thai side of the border when the DKBA launched an attack on the Burmese army post in the town.
I found that the men and women in Three Pagodas mostly wear traditional Burmese longyis as they walk around town. Several women wear 'thanaka' make-up on their faces. In many ways, it reminds me of my hometown, Mudon, or any other Mon township.
There was a distinct lack of Karaoke music, and very few restaurants. The local economy seemed depressed.
A local woman told me that a consequence of the DKBA attack on Nov. 8 is that the Karen National Union has banned all vehicles from driving between Thanbyuzayat and Three Pagodas Pass, slowing down not just traffic, but trade.
“Usually, I can make 400 baht a day selling fruit,” said vendor Nai Kalar. “Now, it's not worth being open.”
Without transport coming in or going out, most businesses cannot operate. Nai Kalar told me that many people want to sell their properties and move away.
Locals all agree that during the cease-fire, there was trade and a strong economy in the town. But since fighting resumed, everything has slowed down to a standstill.
A man of about 70 tells me that he owns a rubber plantation that he desperately wants to sell.
Akyi, a shopkeeper, overhears this and comes over quickly. She says she too wants to sell her house and its small rubber plantation.
“Take my house and garden! Take all the rubber trees! only100,000 baht ($3,000) for the lot. I won't even bargain,” she exclaims, and adds that as soon as she sells it, she and her family are going to move to Suratthani in the south of Thailand.




                                                                             By LAWI WENG
                                                                                              Saturday, January 29, 2011

Migrants missing after rights case

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Khun Hla Myint Oo, one of the migrants released after being detained following complaints over salary (Burma Campaign Malaysia)

By JOSEPH ALLCHIN
Published: 19 January 2011

Three Burmese migrant workers in Malaysia have been deported and an additional two have gone missing after requesting that their employers uphold contractual obligations over payment.
Thirty-five Burmese in total had been detained last week in Johor in southern Malaysia after complaining that the owners of the Sinometal Technology Company had paid them only 640 Malaysian Ringit ($US210) per month instead of the 900 Ringit ($US295) agreed when they signed the three-month contract. They also complained that they were not receiving overtime pay which had also been promised.
Thirty were subsequently released, but the three deported were deemed to be ringleaders of the group.
“On 12 January the employer made a fake report to the police and the police arrived at the hostel,” says Tun Tun from the Burma Campaign Malaysia (BCM). The police detained all 35 workers at around 10.30am but released the 30 at around 6:45pm, telling BCM that the other five were “under investigation”.
According to Pranom Somwong of the Network of Action for Migrants in Malaysia (NAMM), however, “they immediately sent five of the workers’ leaders to the airport, and tried to send them back to Burma”.
No legal charges against the workers were made clear to either advocates or the workers. Human rights lawyer Charles Hector, who advocates for migrant workers in Malaysia, says: “Honestly speaking, the police should not have got themselves involved in this situation where there was no protest and there was no criminal offence happening. This was a labour matter, but police are used by employers to harass migrant workers – this is common practice.”
The case is another indictment of strained labour relations in Malaysia, around 30 percent of whose workforce is made up of migrant workers. Tun Tun tells DVB that Malaysia is thus “a pro-employer country”.
The Kuala Lumpur-based Burma Workers’ Rights Protection Committee estimates there are about 500,000 registered and unregistered migrants from Burma in Malaysia. As of May 2009, the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) said it had registered 50,000 people of concern from Burma, including refugees and asylum-seekers. Amnesty International claims there are a total of around 2.2 million legal migrants in Malaysia.
Hector believes the incident was aimed at “making the migrants believe that they can’t do anything against the employer”.
Access to the law in Malaysia is widely identified as a problem for Burmese migrant workers, meaning they are more liable to be abused by their employers. Tun Tun adds that the 35 did not speak Bahasa, the local language, and little English. As a result the BCM publishes the laws in Burmese in a newsletter called the Thuria Malaysia.
The 30 who were released returned to their hostel but found it locked and were unable to enter, forcing them to spend the night on the streets.
Through the intervention of groups such as the Malaysian Human Rights Commission, NAMM and the BCM, the country’s labour office became involved and was able to regain the jobs of at least 27 of the 35. As well as the fate of the deported three, concern abounds about the whereabouts of the two leaders whom no one has heard from.

Author: JOSEPH ALLCHIN              Category: Economics, News

စစ္အစုိးရက DKBA စခန္းကုိ သိမ္းယူရန္ ၾကိဳးစား

(ေဇာ္ႀကီး) သတင္း - သတင္းႏွင့္မီဒီယာကြန္ယက္

တုိးတက္ေသာ ဗုဒၶဘာသာ ကရင္အမ်ဳိးသား တပ္မေတာ္ DKBAတပ္ဖဲြ႕ အေျခစုိက္သည့္ တပ္စခန္း တစ္ခုအား စစ္အစုိးရ တပ္ဖဲြ႕မ်ားက ယေန႔ နံနက္ပုိင္းက ထုိးစစ္ဆင္ တုိက္ခုိက္ခဲ့သည္။

ကရင္ျပည္နယ္၊ ျမ၀တီၿမိဳ႕ေတာင္ဖက္ ဖလူးေဒသရွိ တာ့ကုိက်ဳိးစခန္းအား ယမန္ေန႔ နံနက္ပုိင္းမွစ၍ စစ္အစုိးရတပ္က လက္နက္ႀကီးမ်ားျဖင့္ ပစ္ခတ္ တုိက္ခုိက္ခဲ့ၿပီး ယင္းစခန္းအား ယေန႔နံနက္ ၃ နာရီ အခ်ိန္ခန္႔က အင္အားအလံုးအရင္းျဖင့္ စတင္ ထုိးစစ္ဆင္ တုိက္ခုိက္ခဲ့သည္ဟု DKBA ခဲြထြက္ တပ္ဖဲြ႕ေခါင္းေဆာင္ ဗုိလ္ႏုတ္ခမ္းေမြးေခၚ ဗုိလ္မွဴးႀကီး ေစာလားပြယ္၏ အနီးကပ္ အရာရွိတစ္ဦးက ယခုလို ေျပာသည္။

“မေန႔ညကေတာ့ သူတုိ႔အတင္းတက္လံုးတယ္။ မရေတာ့ ျပန္ဆုတ္သြားတယ္ေပ့ါေနာ္။ မနက္ (၃)နာရီေလာက္ကေန (၄)နာရီခြဲေလာက္ထိေပ့ါ။ တက္လာတဲ့လူေတြကုိ ေျပာင္ (အကာအကြယ္မဲ့) ႀကီးမွာ ပစ္ခ်တယ္ဆုိေတာ့ ေတာ္ေတာ္ေလးေတာ့ ထိတယ္ေလ။ သယ္ထုတ္တာေတြလည္း ျမင္ေနရတယ္။ မွန္းတာကေတာ့ အဲဒီမွာ (၁၅)ေယာက္၊ အေယာက္(၂၀)၀န္းက်င္ ေလာက္ေတာ့ ရွိမယ္ထင္တယ္။”

ထုိ႔အျပင္ ယေန႔နံနက္(၈)နာရီအခ်ိန္ခန္႔မွစ၍ လက္နက္ႀကီးမ်ားျဖင့္ ပစ္ခတ္တုိက္ခုိက္ေနၿပီး မြန္းလဲြပုိင္းအခ်ိန္အထိ လက္နက္ႀကီး အလံုး(၃၀)ခန္႔ က်ေရာက္ေပါက္ကဲြခဲ့သည္ဟု ဆက္ ေျပာသည္။

ယခုျဖစ္ပြားေနသည့္တုိက္ပဲြ၌ အက်ဥ္းသားမ်ားအား ေပၚတာအထမ္းသမားမ်ားအျဖစ္ စစ္အစုိးရ တပ္က အသံုးျပဳေနသည္ဟု အမည္မေဖာ္လုိသည့္ (DKBA)တပ္မွဴးတစ္ဦးက ယခုလိုေျပာသည္။

“ေသျခာတယ္ ေခၚသံုးေနတယ္ေနာ္။ ဘယ္လုိလဲဆုိေတာ့ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ အေပၚကုန္းကေန လွမ္းျမင္ရတယ္ေလေနာ္။ အဲဒီအက်ဥ္းသားသမားေတြေရာ လူနာေတြကုိ ထမ္းရပုိ႔ရသယ္ရတယ္ ေလေနာ္။”

လြန္ခဲ့သည့္ ရက္သတၱႏွစ္ပတ္ခန္႔မွစ၍ အင္းစိန္၊ ေမာ္လၿမိဳင္ႏွင့္ ဖားအံ အက်ဥ္းေထာင္မ်ားမွ ထုတ္ယူလာသည့္ အက်ဥ္းသား (၈၀၀)ခန္႔ရွိၿပီး ၎တုိ႔အား စစ္ေျမျပင္၌ အထမ္းသမားအျဖစ္ အသံုးျပဳမည္ဟုခန္႔မွန္းရေၾကာင္း ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံလံုးဆုိင္ရာေက်ာင္းသားမ်ား ဒီမုိကရက္တစ္တပ္ဦး (ABSDF)အဖဲြ႕၏ စစ္ေကာ္မရွင္ အတြင္းေရးမွဴး ကုိခင္ေက်ာ္က ယခုလိုေျပာသည္။

“ဘာေၾကာင့္လည္းဆုိေတာ့ ေလာေလာဆယ္ တုိက္ပဲြျဖစ္ေနစဥ္တေလွ်ာက္လံုးမွာ ပံုမွန္သံုးေနတဲ့ ယာဥ္သံုးတဲ့လမ္းေတြက သူတုိ႔သံုးလုိ႔မရဘူး၊ လံုၿခံဳမႈမရွိဘူးလုိ ျဖစ္ေနတဲ့အခါက်ေတာ့ စစ္ခ်ီ စစ္တက္လမ္းေၾကာင္းေတြက ေတာေတာင္ေတြေပၚ အမ်ားဆံုး အားထားၿပီးေတာ့ အသံုးျပဳရမယ့္ သေဘာျဖစ္ေတာ့ အဲဒီေတာေတာင္ေတြမွာ ယာဥ္ေတြက အသြားအလာလုပ္လုိ႔မရေတာ့ အဲဒီအထမ္းသမားေတြကုိဘဲ အဓိက အသံုးျပဳမယ့္သေဘာေတာ့ ရွိတယ္။”

ထုိ႔အျပင္ လြန္ခဲ့သည့္ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြကာလကစတင္၍ ဒီဇင္ဘာလကုန္ပုိင္းအထိ ကရင္ျပည္နယ္ အတြင္း ျဖစ္ပြားခဲ့သည့္ တုိက္ပဲြေပါင္း (၅၆)ႀကိမ္အနက္ တုိက္ပဲြႀကီး အႀကိမ္(၂၀)ခန္႔ ျဖစ္ပြားခဲ့ၿပီး စစ္အစုိးရတပ္မွ အရာရွိႏွစ္ဦးအပါအ၀င္ လူေပါင္း(၆၀)ခန္႔ က်ဆံုးခဲ့ကာ(၁၅၀)ေက်ာ္ ဒဏ္ရာရခဲ့ၿပီး မဟာမိတ္တပ္ဖက္မွ (၃)ဦးက်ဆံုး၍ (၉)ဦး ဒဏ္ရာရခဲ့သည္ဟု သိရေၾကာင္းဆက္ေျပာသည္။

လြန္ခဲ့သည့္ ၂၀၁၀ ခုႏွစ္ ႏုိ၀င္ဘာလဆန္းပုိင္းကစ၍ ယေန႔အခ်ိန္ထိ ျဖစ္ပြားေနသည့္ တုိက္ပဲြမ်ား တြင္ စစ္အစုိးရဖက္မွ တပ္ရင္း (၁၈)ရင္းခန္႔ အင္အားတုိးျမွင့္လာၿပီး မၾကာမီထုိးစစ္ႀကီး အေနႏွင့္ ဆင္ႏြဲလာႏုိင္ေၾကာင္း ကုိခင္ေက်ာ္က သံုးသပ္ေျပာဆုိသည္။

“အခုေလာေလာဆယ္ တရက္ႏွစ္ရက္ေလာက္ကစၿပီးေတာ့ ရန္သူ႔ရဲ႕ လႈပ္ရွားမႈက ထုိးစစ္အျပဳအမူ ဖက္ကုိ နည္းနည္းပါလာတယ္။ ၿပီးတဲ့အခါက်ေတာ့ ရန္သူေသြးတုိးစမ္းလႈပ္ရွားမႈေတြ ရွိလာတဲ့ အခါက်ေတာ့ ထုိးစစ္အျပဳအမူေတာ့ နည္းနည္းစလာၿပီေပ့ါ။ မၾကာခင္မွာေတာ့ ထုိးစစ္တခုခုကုိ စမယ့္သေဘာေတာ့ ရွိမယ္လုိ႔ က်ေနာ္သံုးသပ္တယ္။ အထူးသျဖင့္ေတာ့ DKBA နဲ႔ အခုျဖစ္ေနတဲ့ စစ္ပဲြဂြင္နဲ႔ ပတ္သက္လုိ႔ေပ့ါေနာ္။”

ယခုျဖစ္ပြားေနသည့္ တုိက္ပဲြမ်ားတြင္ (DKBA) တပ္ဖဲြ႕ႏွင့္အတူ ကရင္အမ်ဳိးသား အစည္းအရံုး (KNU)လက္ေအာက္ခံ တပ္ဖဲြ႕မ်ားႏွင့္ (ABSDF) တပ္ဖဲြ႕၀င္မ်ား ပူးေပါင္းပါ၀င္ခဲ့သည္။

ထိုင္းက ျမန္မာကို ကန္႔ကြက္စာပို႔

/ 1/12/2011 07:37:00 AM / Comments: (0)

ဧရာဝတီ သတင္းမွ.........

ကရင္ျပည္နယ္အတြင္း တိုးတက္ေသာ ဗုဒၶဘာသာ ကရင္အမ်ိဳးသား တပ္မေတာ္ (DKBA) ႏွင့္ ျဖစ္ပြားေသာ တိုက္ပြဲမ်ားတြင္ နအဖတပ္က ပစ္ခတ္မႈေၾကာင့္ ထိုင္းနယ္ေျမေပၚသို႔ လက္နက္ႀကီး က်ည္မ်ား က်ေရာက္မႈႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္ၿပီး ထိုင္းအာဏာ ပိုင္မ်ားက ယေန႔ ကန္႔ကြက္စာ ေပးပို႔ေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။ယင္းစာကို ထိုင္း-ျမန္မာ နယ္ျခား ေကာ္မတီမွ တဆင့္ ျမန္မာ စစ္အစိုးရထံသို႔ ေပးပို႔ခဲ့ျခင္း ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း ထိုင္းသတင္းဌာန တခုျဖစ္သည့္ Manager သတင္းဌာန၏ အင္တာနက္ စာမ်က္ႏွာတြင္ ေဖာ္ျပထားသည္။

ျမန္မာအစိုးရ တပ္မ်ားသည္ DKBA တပ္ မ်ားႏွင့္ တိုက္ခိုက္ခဲ့ရာ ယမန္ေန႔က ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံ မဲေဆာက္ ၿမိဳ႕နယ္ မယ့္ကိုကင္း ေက်း႐ြာအနီးသို႔ လက္နက္ႀကီး က်ည္မ်ား က်ေရာက္ ေပါက္ကြဲခဲ့ သကဲ့သို႔ ၿပီးခဲ့သည့္ တနဂၤေႏြ ေန႔ကလည္း ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံ နယ္ နိမိတ္ အတြင္း လက္နက္ႀကီး က်ည္မ်ား က်ေရာက္ ေပါက္ကြဲခဲ့ေၾကာင္း ထိုင္းႏုိင္ငံ မဲေဆာက္ၿမိဳ႕ အေျခစိုက္ အမွတ္ ၄ စစ္ ေဒသမႉး၏ တင္ျပခ်က္မ်ားကို ကိုးကား၍ Manager က ေရးသားထားသည္။

ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ ျမန္မာအစိုးရ တပ္မ်ားအေနႏွင့္ DKBA ကို တိုက္ခိုက္ရာတြင္ လည္းေကာင္း၊ လက္နက္ႀကီးမ်ား ပစ္ခတ္ရာတြင္ လည္းေကာင္း ထုိင္းႏိုင္ငံ ဘက္ျခမ္းသို႔ ထိခိုက္မႈ မရွိေစေရး အတြက္ ဆင္ျခင္ေပးရန္ ေတာင္းဆိုသည့္စာ ေပးပို႔ရျခင္း ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း သိရွိရသည္။

ယမန္ေန႔ႏွင့္ တနဂၤေႏြေန႔က ျဖစ္ပြားသည့္ ႏွစ္ဘက္တုိက္ပဲြတြင္ စစ္ဆင္ေရးကြပ္ကဲမႈ ဌာနခ်ဳပ္(စကခ)၁၂ လက္ေအာက္ ခံ နအဖ တပ္ဖဲြ႕၀င္မ်ားက DKBA တပ္ဖဲြ႕မ်ားရွိသည္ဟု ယူဆရသည့္ ေနရာမ်ားသို႔ လက္နက္ႀကီး က်ည္မ်ား ရာႏွင့္ခ်ီ၍ ပစ္ ခတ္ရာ ထိုင္း နယ္နိမိတ္အတြင္း အလုံး ၂၀ ခန္႔ က်ေရာက္ ေပါက္ကြဲခဲ့ေၾကာင္း ထိုင္းစစ္တပ္ဘက္က ေျပာဆိုထားသည္။

ေနာက္ဆံုးရရိွသည့္သတင္းမ်ားအရ ယေန႔နံနက္ပိုင္းကလည္း ကရင္ျပည္နယ္ ျမ၀တီခရုိင္ ဖလူးေဒသအတြင္း DKBA တပ္မ်ားစစ္ေရးလႈပ္ရွားသည့္ေနရာမ်ားသို႔ နအဖ တပ္မ်ားက လက္နက္ႀကီး က်ည္ ၁၂ လံုးခန္႔ ပစ္ခတ္မႈရွိေၾကာင္း၊ ရင္ဆိုင္တိုက္ပြဲမ်ားျဖစ္ပြားျခင္းမရိွေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။

ယခု ျဖစ္ပြားေနသည့္ စစ္ပြဲတြင္ နအဖ ဘက္မွ စကခ ၁၂ လက္ေအာက္ခံတပ္ရင္း ၅ ရင္းပါရိွသည္ဟု DKBA က ေျပာ သည္။

ဖလူးတပ္စခန္းထိုင္ DKBA စစ္ဆင္ေရးမႉး ဗိုလ္မႉးဆန္းေအာင္က"ဒီလ ၉-၁၀ ရက္တိုက္ပြဲမွာ နအဖ ဘက္က တေန႔ကို လက္နက္ႀကီးအလံုး ၁၀၀ ေက်ာ္သံုးၿပီးတိုက္တယ္၊ က်ေနာ္တို႔ဘက္က ခံစစ္ရွင္ေျပာက္က်ားနည္းနဲ႔ပဲ ျပန္တိုက္တယ္"ဟု ေျပာသည္။

တနဂၤေႏြေန႔က စတင္သည့္ ၂ ရက္တာတိုက္ပြဲသည္ DKBA ႏွင့္ နအဖ တပ္မ်ားအၾကား ႏွစ္လေက်ာ္ၾကာျဖစ္ပြားလ်က္ရိွသည့္ တိုက္ပြဲကာလအတြင္း အျပင္းထန္ဆံုး တိုက္ပြဲျဖစ္သည္ ဟုလည္း ဆိုသည္။

အဆိုပါတိုက္ပြဲတြင္ DKBA အဖြဲ႔မွ ၁ ဦးဒဏ္ရာရရိွၿပီး ၂ ဦးက်ဆံုးကာ နအဖ ဘက္မွ ဗိုလ္မႉးတဦး အပါအ၀င္ ၈ ဦးဒဏ္ရာ အျပင္းအထန္ရရိွခဲ့သျဖင့္ ၎တို႔ကို ထိုင္းဘက္ျခမ္းမွတဆင့္ မဲေဆာက္ၿမိဳ႕ကိုျဖတ္ကာျမ၀တီၿမိဳ႕သို႔ သယ္ေဆာင္သြားသည္ ဟု ထိုင္း နယ္ျခားေစာင့္ တပ္မႉးတဦးက ေျပာသည္။

နယ္စပ္တိုက္ပြဲမ်ားတြင္ ဒဏ္ရာရရိွသည့္ နအဖ တပ္ဖြဲ႔၀င္မ်ားကို ထိုင္းဘက္ျခမ္းမွတဆင့္ ျမ၀တီသို႔သယ္ေဆာင္ျခင္းကို ျမန္မာဘက္မွ အကူအညီေတာင္းသည့္အတြက္ မဲေဆာက္-ျမ၀တီ ၿမိဳ႕နယ္အဆင့္ နယ္ျခားေကာ္မတီက စီစဥ္ေပးရျခင္း ျဖစ္သည္ဟု သိရသည္။

ၿပီးခဲ့သည့္ ႏွစ္ဘက္တိုက္ပြဲမ်ားအတြင္း ထိခိုက္ ဒဏ္ရာရ ေသဆုံးမႈမ်ားႏွင့္ပတ္သက္ၿပီး သီးျခားအတည္ျပဳခ်က္ ရယူႏုိင္ျခင္း မရွိေသးပါ။

ျမ၀တီၿမိဳ႕ခံ အစိုးရ၀န္ထမ္း တဦးက"တနဂၤေႏြ တနလၤာ ႏွစ္ရက္ျဖစ္တဲ့ ဖလူးတိုက္ပြဲမွာ အစိုးရ ဘက္ကလည္း ထိတာရိွတယ္၊ အဲဒီလို တိုက္ပြဲႀကီးေတြျဖစ္ေတာ့ ျမ၀တီတၿမိဳ႕လံုး ထိတ္လန္႔ေနၾကတယ္"ဟု ေျပာသည္။

ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ က်င္းပေနစဥ္ ႏို၀င္ဘာလ ၇ ရက္ ႏွင့္ ၈ ရက္ေန႔က ျမ၀တီၿမိဳ႕နယ္ အပါအ၀င္ ဘုရားသံုးဆူၿမိဳ႕ႏွင့္ၾကာအင္း ဆိပ္ႀကီးၿမိဳ႕နယ္မ်ားတြင္ စစ္အစိုးရတပ္ႏွင့္ DKBA တပ္မဟာ ၅ တို႔ တုိက္ပြဲမ်ား စတင္ျဖစ္ပြားခဲ့ၿပီးေနာက္ ေန႔စဥ္ နီးပါး တုိက္ပြဲမ်ား ဆက္တိုက္ ျဖစ္ပြားလ်က္ရွိသည္။

အက်ဥ္းသား ေပၚတာမ်ား လူသားမိုင္းရွင္း ကိရိယာအျဖစ္ အသုံးခံေနရ

/ 1/12/2011 08:09:00 PM / Comments: (0)

ဧရာဝတီ မွ...........

ကရင္ျပည္နယ္အတြင္း တိုးတက္ေသာ ဗုဒၶဘာသာ ကရင္အမ်ိဳးသား တပ္မေတာ္ (DKBA) ႏွင့္ နအဖတပ္မ်ား ျဖစ္ပြားေနသည့္ တိုက္ပြဲမ်ား၌ နအဖတပ္က အက်ဥ္းသား ေပၚတာမ်ားကို လူသား မိုင္းရွင္းကိရိယာအျဖစ္ အသုံးျပဳေနေၾကာင္း သိရ သည္။

ယမန္ေန႔က ထိုင္းဘက္ ထြက္ေျပးလာသည့္ အက်ဥ္းသားေပၚတာ ၃ ဦး။ ကိုေသာင္းေဌးဦး (၀ဲဘက္)၊ ကိုမိုးရာဇာ (အလယ္)၊ ကိုတင္ေဇာ္မင္း (ယာစြန္) (ဓာတ္ပုံ - ဧရာ၀တီ)

ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ တ၀န္းရွိ အက်ဥ္းေထာင္ အသီးသီးမွ အက်ဥ္းသား ၆၀၀ ခန္႔ကို ယင္းသို႔ လူသား မိုင္းရွင္း ကိရိယာမ်ား အျဖစ္ အသုံးျပဳေနျခင္း ျဖစ္သည္ဟု ထိုင္းႏုိင္ငံ အေျခစိုက္ ႏုိင္ငံေရး အက်ဥ္းသားမ်ား ကူညီေစာင့္ေရွာက္ေရး အသင္း (AAPP) တြဲဖက္ အတြင္းေရးမႉး ဦးဘိုၾကည္က ေျပာသည္။

“ဒီအက်ဥ္းသား ေတြဟာလည္း လူသားေတြပဲ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္၊ ဘယ္လို အေျခအေနမ်ိဳးမွာပဲ ျဖစ္ျဖစ္ ဒီလိုမ်ိဳး မလုပ္သင့္ပါဘူး၊ အခု စစ္အစိုးရ က်င့္သုံးေနတဲ့နည္းက အက်ဥ္းသားေတြကို သတ္ေနတာနဲ႔ အတူတူ ပါပဲ”ဟု ၎က ဆုိသည္။

ယင္းကိစၥႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္၍ သတင္း အခ်က္အလက္ တိတိက်က် ရရွိရန္ႏွင့္ လူသားမ်ိဳးႏြယ္ အေပၚ က်ဴးလြန္သည့္ ရာဇ၀တ္ မႈ ျဖစ္ေသာေၾကာင့္ အေရးယူ ေဆာင္ရြက္ႏုိင္ရန္ ဆက္လက္ လုပ္ေဆာင္သြားမည္ ျဖစ္သည္ဟုလည္း ဦးဘိုၾကည္က ေျပာသည္။

ထုိ႔သို႔ မိုင္းရွင္းကိရိယာမ်ား အျဖစ္ အသုံးခံေနရသည့္ အႏၲရာယ္မွ လြတ္ေျမာက္လို ေသာေၾကာင့္ မၾကာေသးခင္က အက်ဥ္းသားေပၚတာ ၁၂ ဦးခန္႔ ထိုင္းႏုိင္ငံ မဲေဆာက္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္ ဘက္သို႔ တိမ္းေရွာင္လာၾကေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။

ၿပီးခဲ့သည့္ ၂၀၁၀ ခုႏွစ္ ဒီဇင္ဘာ လကုန္ပိုင္းက ေခၚေဆာင္လာေသာ မေကြးတိုင္း ပခုကၠဴေထာင္မွ ၎အပါအ၀င္ အက်ဥ္း သား ၃၀ ခန္႔သည္ ထုိသို႔ မိုင္းရွင္းခိုင္းမႈ ႀကံဳခဲ့ရသည္ဟု အက်ဥ္းသားေပၚတာ တဦးျဖစ္သည့္ ကိုေသာင္းေဌးဦး အသက္၂၈ ႏွစ္ ကလည္း ဧရာ၀တီသို႔ ေျပာသည္။

ကိုေသာင္းေဌးဦးက"က်ေနာ္တို႔ က ပခုကၠဴေထာင္ကေန ေငြမေပးႏိုင္လို႔ေရွ႕တန္းကို အပို႔ခံရတဲ့လူေတြပါ၊ ပခုကၠဴေထာင္ က အေယာက္ ၃၀ ပါ တယ္၊ ေရွ႕တန္းမွာ စစ္ပစၥည္းေတြ၊ စားနပ္ရိကၡာေတြ ထမ္းရတဲ့အျပင္ ထမင္းခ်က္ရတယ္၊ ေရခတ္ ရတယ္၊ တိုက္ပြဲျဖစ္ၿပီးလို႔ စစ္သားေတြ က်န္ခဲ့တဲ့ပစၥည္းေတြကိုလိုက္ ေကာက္ေပးရတယ္၊ အဆိုးဆံုးကေတာ့ မိုင္းေတြရိွတဲ့ေနရာေတြဆိုရင္ အက်ဥ္းသားေပၚတာေတြကို ေရွ႕ကေနသြားခိုင္းတာပဲ မိုင္းနင္းမိတဲ့လူလည္း မနည္းဘူး၊ ဒါေၾကာင့္ ဒီဘက္ကို အရဲ စြန္႔လာရတာ"ဟု ေျပာျပသည္။

ယမန္ေန႔က ကရင္ျပည္နယ္ ျမ၀တီခရိုင္ ဖလူးေဒသ ပေလာတပို႔ တပ္စခန္းမွ ကိုေသာင္းေဌးဦးအပါအ၀င္ ကိုတင္ေဇာ္မင္း ၂၁ ႏွစ္၊ ကိုမိုးရာဇာ ၁၇ ႏွစ္ တို႔ အက်ဥ္းသား ေပၚတာ ၃ ဦးသည္ မဲေဆာက္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္ ေကာ္မေနာင္း သို႔ ေရာက္ရိွလာရာ ဒုကၡသည္အေရး ကူညီသူမ်ားက လက္ခံကူညီထားျခင္းျဖစ္သည္ဟုလည္း ၎က ဆုိသည္။

၎တို႔ ၃ ဦး သည္ ရဲ အပါအ၀င္ ေဒသခံ အာဏာပိုင္မ်ား၏ ဖိႏွိပ္အႏုိင္က်င့္မႈအား ျပန္လည္ခုံခံရာမွ ရာဇ၀တ္မႈ က်ဴးလြန္ သည့္ ပုဒ္မမ်ားျဖင့္ ပခုကၠဴေထာင္၌ ျပစ္ဒဏ္က်ခံေနရသူမ်ား ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္းလည္း သိရသည္။

အက်ဥ္းသားေပၚတာ ကိုမိုးရာဇာ ကလည္း"က်ေနာ္တို႔အေမကို ရဲက အသားလြတ္ ပါးရိုက္တဲ့အတြက္ ေဒါသျဖစ္ၿပီး က်ေနာ့္ အစ္ကို တင္ေဇာ္မင္းနဲ႔ က်ေနာ္၀ိုင္းရိုက္လိုက္တာ လက္လြန္သြားၿပီး ေထာင္ ၅ ႏွစ္စီ က်သြားတာပါ၊ ဟိုမွာလည္း အႏိုင္က်င့္ ခံရ ဒီေရာက္လည္း ထပ္ခံရတာနဲ႔ မထူးေတာ့တဲ့အတူတူ ေသေသရွင္ရွင္ ဒီဘက္ထြက္လာဖို႔ ဆံုးျဖတ္လိုက္ တာပါ"ဟု ေျပာသည္။

ပခုကၠဴေထာင္တြင္ ေရွ႕တန္း စစ္ေျမျပင္သို႔ အပို႔ခံရမည့္ အက်ဥ္းသားမ်ား အေနႏွင့္ ေထာင္ပိုင္ကို တဦးလွ်င္ က်ပ္ ၁ သိန္း ခန္႔ ေပးႏိုင္ပါက ေရွ႕တန္းသြားရန္မလိုဘဲ ေငြမေပးႏိုင္သည့္ အက်ဥ္းသားမ်ားႏွင့္ အစားထိုးသည္ဟုလည္း ကိုမိုးရာဇာ က ဆက္ေျပာသည္။

လက္ရွိ ကရင္ျပည္နယ္အတြင္း တိုက္ပြဲမ်ား၌ နအဖ တပ္မ်ားက အက်ဥ္းသားေပၚတာ ရာႏွင့္ခ်ီ အသုံးျပဳမႈ ရွိေနေၾကာင္း လည္း ကိုေသာင္းေဌးဦး က ေျပာျပသည္။

ယင္း အက်ဥ္းသား ေပၚတာမ်ားသည္ ပခုကၠဴ ၊ ေမာ္လၿမိဳင္၊ ဘားအံ စသည့္ ေထာင္မ်ားအပါအ၀င္ ႏုိင္ငံတ၀န္းရွိ အက်ဥ္းေထာင္မ်ားမွ ျဖစ္သည္ဟု သိရသည္။

တိုက္ပြဲအတြင္း နအဖ တပ္မ်ားက အက်ဥ္းသား ေပၚတာမ်ားကို အေရွ႕တြင္ထား၍ တိုက္ခိုက္မႈမ်ားကို ႀကံဳခဲ့ရသည္ဟု DKBA တပ္မဟာ ၅ ဖလူး ေဒသ စခန္းထိုင္ စစ္ဦးစီး တတိယတန္း ဗုိလ္ႀကီး ေစာသရီးထူးလည္း ေျပာဆိုသည္။

“အက်ဥ္းသား ေပၚတာေတြကို အေရွ႕က တက္ခိုင္းတယ္၊ က်ေနာ္တို႔က ငဲ့ညႇာပါတယ္၊ သူတို႔ ကို ကာဗာယူတယ္၊ က်ေနာ္ တို႔ကလည္း အပစ္မျဖစ္ ပစ္ရတယ္၊ သူတို႔ က်ေနာ္တို႔ ေရွ႕မွာပဲ က်တယ္၊ သိတယ္၊ ဒါ က်ေနာ္တို႔ မၾကည့္ရက္ဘူး၊ ဒါေပ မယ့္ က်ေနာ္တို႔ကလည္း မဆုတ္ေပးႏုိင္ဘူး ဆိုေတာ့ က်ေနာ္လည္း ပစ္ရတာပဲ”ဟု ၎က ဆိုသည္။

အက်ဥ္းသား ေပၚတာမ်ားထြက္ေျပးလာသည့္ ျမ၀တီခရိုင္ ဖလူးေဒသ တြင္ နအဖ စစ္ဆင္ေရးကြပ္ကဲမ ႈဌာနခ်ဳပ္ (စကခ) ၁၂ လက္ေအာက္ခံ တပ္ရင္း ၇ ရင္း စစ္ေရးလႈပ္ရွားလ်က္ ရိွေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။

ၿပီးခဲ့သည့္ တနဂၤေႏြ ႏွင့္ တနလၤာ ေန႔ တိုက္ပြဲကာလအတြင္း နအဖ တပ္မ်ားက DKBA တပ္မ်ား ရွိႏိုင္သည့္ ေနရာမ်ားသို႔ လက္နက္ႀကီး က်ည္ ရာႏွင့္ခ်ီ၍ ပစ္ခတ္ရာ ထိုင္းႏုိင္ငံ နယ္နိမိတ္အတြင္း လက္နက္ႀကီးက်ည္မ်ား က်ေရာက္ ေပါက္ကြဲသည့္ အတြက္ ယမန္ေန႔က ျမန္မာမာစစ္အစိုးရကို ထိုင္းအာဏာပိုင္မ်ားက ကန္႔ကြက္စာ ေပးပို႔ထားသည္။

ၿပီးခဲ့သည့္ တိုက္ပြဲမ်ားအတြင္း ႏွစ္ဘက္ တပ္မ်ား ဒဏ္ရာရ က်ဆုံးမႈ ရွိေၾကာင္း သိရေသာ္လည္း သီးျခား အတည္ျပဳခ်က္ ရယူ ႏုိင္ျခင္း မရွိေသးေပ။

ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ က်င္းပေနစဥ္ ၂၀၁၀ ခုႏွစ္ ႏို၀င္ဘာလ ၇ ရက္ ႏွင့္ ၈ ရက္ေန႔က ျမ၀တီၿမိဳ႕နယ္ အပါအ၀င္ ဘုရားသံုးဆူၿမိဳ႕ႏွင့္ ၾကာအင္းဆိပ္ႀကီးၿမိဳ႕နယ္မ်ားတြင္ စစ္အစိုးရတပ္ႏွင့္ DKBA တပ္မဟာ ၅ တို႔ တုိက္ပြဲမ်ား စတင္ျဖစ္ပြားခဲ့ၿပီးေနာက္ ေန႔စဥ္ နီးပါးတိုက္ပြဲမ်ား ဆက္တိုက္ ျဖစ္ပြားလ်က္ရိွသည္။

စစ္မႈမထမ္း မေန ရ အမိန္ ့ကုိ ျပည္သူတို ့အံတုရန္ ျပင္ဆင

/ 1/12/2011 08:35:00 PM /

FNG သတင္းမွ.............

၂၀၀၈ ခုႏွစ္ အေျခခံ ဥပေဒ အရ စစ္အစိုးရက ေန အတည္ျပဳလိုက္တဲ့ စစ္မႈမထမ္းမေနရအမိန္ ့ကို ျပည္သူတစ္ရပ္လံုးကအံုၾကႊတြန္းလွန္သြား မည္ ဟု Freedom News မွာျမန္မာ ႏိုင္ငံတစ္၀ွမ္းမွ ျပည္သူမ်ား ၏သေဘာထားမ်ားကို ေမးျမန္းသြားရာယခုကဲ့သို႕ မွတ္ခ်က္ေပးၾကသည္။

ထင္ရွားသည့္ ရန္ကုန္ အေျခစိုက္ ရက္(ပ) အဆိုေတာ္ တစ္ဦးကလည္း ” ဒီကိစၥကိုေတာ့ ျပတ္ျပတ္သားသားဆန္ ့က်င္ရမယ္ စစ္တပ္ထဲမွာ ဘာဥပေဒမွရွိတာမဟုတ္ဘူး ၊မိုင္းရွင္းဖို ့ေပၚတာထမ္းဖို ့ေခၚမွာ” ဟု ဆိုသည္။

မႏၱေလး ၿမိဳ ့လမ္း ၈၀ တရုတ္တန္းမွလက္ဖက္ရည္ဆိုင္ပိုင္ရွင္တစ္ဦးကမူ” ဒီျပႆနာ က ၂၀၀၇မွာစက္သံုးဆီ ေစ်း ေတြတက္လိုက္သလို ၿပည္သူေတြ ရဲ ့ေဒါသေတြ ကို ဆြေပးတာ လူထုအံုၾကြမႈျဖစ္ၿပီး ျပႆနာ ျဖစ္ နိုင္တယ္” သံုးသပ္ေျပာၾကားသည္။

စစ္ကိုင္းတိုင္း ကေလးၿမိဳ ့မွ ရဲအရာ ရွိ တစ္ဦး ၏ သားျဖစ္သူက မူ ” စစ္ထဲေတာ့မ၀င္ေတာ့ ႀကီးႏိုင္ငယ္ညွင္းမ်ားတယ္နိုင္ငံျခားဘဲထြက္ေတာ့ မယ္” ဟု ဆိုသည္။

စစ္မႈ မထမ္းမေန ရ အမိန္ ့ထုန္ ျပန္ ပါကစစ္တပ္တြင္းသို ့မ၀င္လိုသူမ်ားကနည္းမ်ိဳးစံုျဖင့္ဆန္ ့က်င္နိုင္မည္ ျဖစ္ၿပီးစစ္တပ္တြင္းသို ့မ၀င္လို သူမ်ား ေငြေၾကးျဖင့္ ဖ်က္ဆီးမႈေၾကာင့္တပ္တြင္း စာရိတၱပ်က္ျပား ႏိုင္သည္ ဟု ပ်ဥ္းမနား ၿမိဳ ့ေန တပ္မေတာ္ အရာရွိ ေဟာင္း
တစ္ဦးက Freedom News Group သို ့ေျပာသည္။

မင္းဘူး ၿမိဳ ့မွ ႏိုင္ငံေရးလႈပ္ရွားတက္ၾကႊသည့္ ေက်ာင္းသားတစ္ဦးက “နအဖ ကိုယ့္ေသတြင္းကိုယ္တူးတာပဲ ျပည္သူေတြစစ္တပ္ထဲ ေရာက္ၿပီ ဆိုရင္ ဘာပဲ ေျပာေျပာစစ္ပညာေတြ နဲ ့ရင္းႏွီးသြားေတာ့ ဆႏၵျပရင္ ေတာင္ အရင္လို မဟုတ္ေတာ့ ဘူး ၊ စစ္ပညာနဲ ့ရင္းႏွီး တဲ့ ႏိုင္ငံေတြ မွာ ေနတဲ့ ျပည္သူ ေတြ ဆႏၵျပရင္ ေအာင္ျမင္ တာခ်ဥ္းပဲ ဟု သူ၏အျမင္ ကို ေျပာသည္။

ဖာပြန္ေဒသတြင္ နအဖတပ္ရိကၡာထမ္းရန္ အရပ္သား ၄၀၀ ကို BGF အဓမၼေတာင္းခံေပးေန

ဇန္န၀ါရီလ ၁၃ရက္။ ေစာခါးစူးညား (ေကအိုင္စီ)

ဖာပြန္ခ႐ိုင္၊ ဒြယ္လိုးၿမိဳ႕နယ္အတြင္း ရြာေပါင္း ၃၀ေက်ာ္ရွိေသာ ေက်းရြာအုပ္စု ၃ခုမွ ေဒသခံအရပ္သား ၄၀၀ဦးအား နအဖ စစ္ တပ္ရိကၡာကို ထမ္းေပးရန္ နယ္ျခားေစာင့္တပ္-BGF (၁၀၁၃)တပ္ရင္းက ရြာသူႀကီးမ်ားထံမွ ဇန္န၀ါရီလ ၇ရက္ေန႔ကတည္းက အဓမၼေတာင္းခံေနဆဲျဖစ္သည္ဟု သိရသည္။

အဆိုပါ BGF တပ္ရင္းသည္ ကမေမာင္းၿမိဳ႕မွ လိႈင္းဘြဲၿမိဳ႕နယ္ မာနယ္ပေလာဂြင္ မယ္ပရြာ(ရြာပ်က္)သို႔သြားမည့္ အင္အား ၇၀၀ခန္႔ရွိ နအဖ ေျချမန္တပ္ရင္း(၂၁၂)၊ (၂၁၄)၊ (၂၁၆)ႏွင့္ (၂၂၀)တပ္ရင္းမ်ား၏ က်ည္ဆံႏွင့္ စားနပ္ရိကၡာမ်ား ပို႔ေဆာင္ေပး ရန္အတြက္ ကတိုင္တိ၊ ေလးဖိုးထာ့ႏွင့္ ထီးသဘလုထာ့ ေက်းရြာအုပ္စုမွ ရြာသားမ်ားကို ေပၚတာအထမ္းသမားမ်ားအျဖစ္ အသံုးျပဳရန္ ရြာသူႀကီးမ်ားထံမွ ယခုလို ေတာင္းခံခဲ့ျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။

အင္အား ၂၀၀ ၀န္းက်င္ရွိ ဗိုလ္မွဴးေစာလွႀကိဳင္ ဦးေဆာင္ေသာ BGF (၁၀၁၃) တပ္ရင္းသည္ အရပ္သား ေပၚတာထမ္းသမား မ်ားကို စုေဆာင္းရာတြင္ ရြာႀကီးလွ်င္ ႀကီးသလို လူဦးေရ သတ္မွတ္ထားၿပီး လက္ရွိအေျခအေနတြင္ ေပၚတာအထမ္းသမား ၂၀၀ခန္႔ကို စုေဆာင္းရရွိခဲ့သည္ဟု ဖာပြန္ခ႐ိုင္မွ ေကအဲန္ယူ တပ္မဟာ(၅) ႐ံုးထိုင္မွဴး ဗိုလ္မွဴးေစာကလယ္ဒို႔က ယခုလို ေျပာ သည္။

၎က “ကတိုင္တိေက်းရြာအုပ္စုထဲက ႏို႔ေဖာထီးရြာဆိုရင္ အေယာက္ ၂၀ေပါ့။ တခ်ဳိ႕ရြာက ၁၅ေယာက္။ ငယ္တဲ့ရြာဆိုရင္ ၇ ေယာက္၊ ၈ေယာက္၊ ၅ေယာက္ အဲလိုေတာင္းတယ္။ တခ်ဳိ႕ရြာက သူႀကီးေတြ ေပၚတာအထမ္းသမားေတြ မစုေပးႏိုင္တဲ့အတြက္ ေတြ႕သမွ် အရြယ္ေရာက္ ေယာက္်ားေတြကို လိုက္ဖမ္းေတာ့တာပဲ။ ရြာသူႀကီးဆိုရင္လည္း သူတို႔(BGF)စုခိုင္းတာမရဘူးဆိုရင္ အၾကပ္ကိုင္ခံရတယ္။”ဟု ေျပာဆိုသည္။

ဇန္န၀ါရီလ ၉ရက္ေန႔က ေပၚတာအထမ္းသမား မစုေဆာင္းေပးႏိုင္သည့္ ေလးဖိုးထာ့ေက်းရြာအုပ္စု ပိုကာရြာသူႀကီး ေစာဖား က်ဳိးႏွင့္ ကတိုင္တိေက်းရြာအုပ္စုမွ ပိုမာ့ဟဲရြာသူႀကီး ေစာလွေအးနဲ႔ ေမာ့ခ်ီးႏူကို ဖမ္းဆီးထားကာ လက္ကို ႀကိဳးႏွင့္ခ်ည္ ထိုး ႀကိတ္ကန္ေက်ာက္ကာ ေသနတ္ဒင္ႏွင့္ထုသည့္အျပင္ ယခုအခ်ိန္ထိလည္း ျပန္မလႊတ္မေပးေသးေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။

ဖာပြန္ခ႐ိုင္ႏွင့္ နယ္နီးစပ္ထိကပ္ေနသည့္ မာနယ္ပေလာဂြင္ မယ္ပရြာသို႔သြားေရာက္မည့္ အဆိုပါနအဖတပ္မ်ားသည္ လက္ရွိ အခ်ိန္တြင္ ဘူးသိုၿမိဳ႕နယ္၊ ေက်ာပါးေက်းရြာအုပ္စု၊ ယြန္းစလင္းေခ်ာင္းအေရွ႕ဘက္ျခမ္းရွိ မဲ့ေညာခီးရြာ ေတာင္ေျခတေနရာတြင္ ေရာက္ရွိေနသည္ဟု ဖာပြန္ခ႐ိုင္ KNLA တပ္မဟာ(၅)မွ တပ္ဖြဲ႕၀င္မ်ားက ဆိုသည္။

BGF တပ္ဖြဲ႕ ယခုလို အတင္းအဓမၼ ေပၚတာစုေဆာင္းမႈႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္၍ ေဒသခံရြာသားတဦးက “အလုပ္အကိုင္ အဆင္မေျပတဲ့ ၾကားမွာ ဒီလို ေပၚတာဖမ္းေတာ့ က်ေနာ္တို႔ မိသားစုအတြက္ အလုပ္ေတြပ်က္တယ္။ ေနာက္ ေပၚတာလိုက္ထမ္းမယ္ဆိုရင္ ဘယ္ႏွစ္ရက္္အထိ ထမ္းရမလဲဆိုတာ သတ္မွတ္ထားတာ မရွိဘူးေလ။ တေခါက္ ထမ္းရမယ္လို႔ပဲ ေျပာတယ္။ သြားမယ္ဆိုရင္ လည္း လမ္းမွာ ႀကံဳေတြ႕ရမယ့္ အခက္အခဲက ဘာေတြျဖစ္လာမလဲ ႀကိဳမွမသိထားေတာ့ ေၾကာက္တယ္။”ဟု ေျပာသည္။

ယင္းသို႔ BGF (၁၀၁၃)တပ္ရင္း၏ ေပၚတာအထမ္းသမား စုေဆာင္းခံရသည့္ ေက်းရြာမ်ားမွာ တတိုင္တိေက်းရြာအုပ္စုမွ ကတိုင္ တိ၊ ႏို႔ေဖာထီး၊ ေဘာက်ဳလယ္(တ၀က္ပါတယ္)၊ ဖားလိုးဒို႔၊ ဖားလိုးဖိုး၊ ေတာသူးကလား၊ ထီးသဲေလး၊ ပိုမာဟဲေက်းရြာမ်ား၊ ေလး ဖိုးထာ့ေက်းရြာအုပ္စုမွ ေဘာက်ဳလယ္(တ၀က္ပါတယ္)၊ ပိုကာ၊ ေလးဖိုးထာ့၊ က်ဳိးေဒး၊ တေရာပူ၊ မဲၾကည္ခီး၊ ၀ါးဒူး၊ သာ့ေအာ့ပ ေလ၊ ၀ါ့တမူ၊ ပဟိကလား၊ ေက်းရြာမ်ားႏွင့္ ထီးသဘလုထာ့ေက်းရြာအုပ္စုမွ ထီးသဘလုထာ့၊ ထီးေလာ္ေသထာ့၊ ႏို႔ေဂၚ၊ ၀ါ့ သိုးကလား၊ ကေပခီး၊ ထီးဖဒို႔ခီး၊ ထီးေခ်ာမဲ၊ ဘလယ့္ကယ္ရြာမ်ား ျဖစ္သည္။

၁၉၉၄ခုႏွစ္၊ ေကအဲန္ယူ၏ ဗဟိုဌာနခ်ဳပ္ မာနယ္ပေလာက်ၿပီးေနာက္ပိုင္း ဖာပြန္ခ႐ိုင္၊ ဒြယ္လိုးၿမိဳ႕နယ္တြင္ ေဒသခံ အရပ္သား မ်ားကို ေပၚတာအထမ္းသမား အမ်ားဆံုး ဖမ္းဆီးျခင္းမွာ ယခုတႀကိမ္သည္ ပထမဆံုးျဖစ္ၿပီး နအဖမွ မာနယ္ပေလာေဒသကို စစ္အင္အားတိုးခ်ဲ႕ကာ ရွင္းလင္းရာတြင္ စစ္ကူအျဖစ္ အသံုးျပဳရန္ျဖစ္ႏုိင္ေၾကာင္း ေ၀ဖန္မႈမ်ားရွိေနသည္။

၆၂ႏွစ္ေျမာက္ ကရင့္ေတာ္လွန္ေရးေန႔တြင္ စစ္အစုိးရက ပထမဆုံးအႀကိမ္ လႊတ္ေတာ္အစည္းအေ၀း ေခၚယူမည္

ဒီဇင္ဘာလ ၁၁ရက္။ ေစာခါးစူးညား (ေကအိုင္စီ)

ျမန္မာစစ္အစုိးရက ဇန္န၀ါရီလ ၃၁ရက္ေန႔တြင္ ပထမဆုံးအႀကိမ္ လႊတ္ေတာ္အစည္းအေ၀း ေခၚယူျခင္းသည္ ကရင့္ေတာ္ လွန္ေရးေန႔ႏွင့္ တိုက္ဆိုင္ေနသည့္အတြက္ ၎မွာ ႏုိင္ငံေရးအရ ဓာတ္႐ိုက္ဓာတ္ဆင္ျခင္း ျဖစ္ႏုိင္သည္ဟု ကရင္အမ်ဳိး သားအစည္းအ႐ုံး(KNU)မွ အရံဗဟိုေကာ္မတီ၀င္တစ္ဦးက ေျပာသည္။

KNU စည္း႐ုံးေရးဌာန ဒုတာ၀န္ခံ ေစာသမိန္ထြန္းက “ဒါဟာ ကရင္ေတြကို နာမ္နိမ္တဲ့သေဘာ ျဖစ္ရင္လည္း ျဖစ္မွာေပါ့။ ေနာက္ ဒါဟာ ဓာတ္႐ိုက္ဓာတ္ဆင္(ယၾတာေခ်)တယ္ဆိုတာ ေသခ်ာတယ္။ ကရင့္ေတာ္လွန္ေရးေန႔မွာမွ လႊတ္ေတာ္ေခၚ လိုက္တယ္ဆိုေတာ့ ကရင့္ရဲ႕ လြတ္လပ္ေရး ေတာင္းဆိုမႈကို သူတို႔(နအဖ)က အရယူလိုက္တဲ့သေဘာေပါ့။ ကရင္ျပည္နယ္ ေန႔တုန္းကလည္း ဒီအတိုင္းပဲေလ။ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ လုပ္လိုက္တယ္။ အခုလည္း လာျပန္ၿပီ။ ဒါ ႐ိုး႐ိုးမဟုတ္ဘူး။ ဒါက ႏိုင္ငံ ေရးသေဘာအရ၊ လုပ္ငန္းသေဘာအရ ဓာတ္႐ိုက္ဓာတ္ဆင္တယ္ဆိုတာ ထင္ရွားတယ္။”ဟု ေျပာသည္။

ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲက်င္းပၿပီးေနာက္ ၃လနီးပါးအၾကာ ၂၀၁၁ခုႏွစ္၊ ဇန္န၀ါရီလ ၃၁ရက္ေန႔ နံနက္ ၈နာရီ ၅၅မိနစ္တြင္ ပထမအ ႀကိမ္ ျပည္သူ႔လႊတ္ေတာ္၊ အမ်ဳိးသားလႊတ္ေတာ္ႏွင့္ တိုင္းေဒသႀကီး သို႔မဟုတ္ ျပည္နယ္လႊတ္ေတာ္ အစည္းအေ၀း ေခၚယူ မည္ဟု နအဖ ဥကၠဌ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မွဴးႀကီးသန္းေရႊ၏ အမည္ျဖင့္ ယမန္ေန႔က ျမန္မာ့႐ုပ္ျမင္သံၾကားတြင္ ထုတ္ျပန္ေၾကညာခဲ့ သည္။

လက္ရွိ စစ္အစိုးရသည္ လႊတ္ေတာ္သံုးရပ္ အစည္းအေ၀းကို တၿပိဳင္နက္တည္း ေခၚယူသလို ၎လႊတ္ေတာ္ ၃ရပ္စလုံးႏွင့္ ဆုိင္သည့္ ဥပေဒ၊ နည္းဥပေဒ (၁၇)မ်ဳိးကုိလည္း ထုတ္ေ၀ျဖန္႔ခ်ိလုိက္ေၾကာင္း ထုတ္ျပန္ေၾကညာလုိက္သည္။

ယခုလို လႊတ္ေတာ္အစည္းအေ၀း ေခၚယူမည့္ေန႔သည့္ ကရင္အမ်ဳိးသားတုိ႔၏ ၆၂ႏွစ္ေျမာက္ ေတာ္လွန္ေရးေန႔ျဖစ္သလို ၿပီးခဲ့သည့္ ၂၀၁၀ခုႏွစ္၊ ႏို၀င္ဘာလ ၇ရက္ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲမွာလည္း ကရင္ျပည္နယ္ေန႔ ျဖစ္ေနရာ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ၏ သမုိင္းတစ္ ေလွ်ာက္တြင္ အာဏာရွင္မ်ား အဆက္ဆက္က ၎တုိ႔ လုပ္ငန္းစဥ္ ျဖစ္ေျမာက္ေအာင္ျမင္ဖုိ႔အတြက္ ဓါတ္ဆင္နည္းမ်ားကုိ သုံးေလ့ရွိသည္ဟု ေစာသမိန္ထြန္းက ေျပာသည္။

သူက “ျမန္မာျပည္သမိုင္းမွာ ၁၉၄၈ ခုႏွစ္၊ ဇန္န၀ါရီ ၄ရက္ေန႔ လြတ္လပ္ေရးရယူတဲ့ေန႔ကလည္း ဒီအတိုင္းပဲ သြားတာပဲ။ မနက္ ၄နာရီ၊ မိနစ္ ၂၀နဲ႔သြားတာ။ ဦးႏုေခတ္၊ ဗိုလ္ေန၀င္း ေခတ္တုန္းကလည္း ဒီဓာတ္ဆင္တဲ့နည္းနဲ႔ လုပ္တာပဲ။ ဒီလို ေလွ်ာက္လုပ္ေတာ့ ျမန္မာျပည္ႀကီးဟာ ခုထိ မလြတ္လပ္ႏိုင္ေတာ့ဘူး။ ဒါေပမဲ့ ေကအဲန္ယူဟာ မျဖဳတ္ပါဘူး။ သူတို႔ပဲ ျဖဳတ္ သြားတာ ရွိတယ္။ အခု သူတို႔ ဘယ္လိုပဲလုပ္လုပ္ က်ေနာ္တို႔ ေကအဲန္ယူကို ထိခိုက္စရာ အေၾကာင္းမရွိဘူး။”ဟု ေျပာ သည္။

၂၀၁၀ခုႏွစ္ ႏုိ၀င္ဘာလ ၇ရက္ေန႔ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲတြင္း လက္ရွိ စစ္အစိုးရ တာ၀န္ယူထားၾကသူမ်ားႏွင့္ အစုိးရ ေက်ာ ေထာက္ေနာက္ခံ ေပးထားၾကသူမ်ား ပါ၀င္သည့္ ႀကံ့ဖြ႔ံပါတီက အမတ္ေနရာ အမ်ားစု အႏုိင္ရရွိထားျခင္းေၾကာင့္ ေရြး ေကာက္ပြဲမွ ျဖစ္ေပၚလာမည့္ အာဏာဖြဲ႔စည္းပုံက ထူးထူးျခားျခား အေျပာင္းအလဲရွိႏုိင္မည္မဟုတ္ေၾကာင္း ျမန္မာ့အေရး ေလ့လာသုံးသပ္သူမ်ားအၾကား ေ၀ဖန္ေျပာဆုိမႈမ်ားရွိသည္။

ဖာပြန္ေဒသတြင္ နအဖတပ္ရိကၡာထမ္းရန္ အရပ္သား ၄၀၀ ကို BGF အဓမၼေတာင္းခံေပးေန

ဇန္န၀ါရီလ ၁၃ရက္။ ေစာခါးစူးညား (ေကအိုင္စီ)

ဖာပြန္ခ႐ိုင္၊ ဒြယ္လိုးၿမိဳ႕နယ္အတြင္း ရြာေပါင္း ၃၀ေက်ာ္ရွိေသာ ေက်းရြာအုပ္စု ၃ခုမွ ေဒသခံအရပ္သား ၄၀၀ဦးအား နအဖ စစ္ တပ္ရိကၡာကို ထမ္းေပးရန္ နယ္ျခားေစာင့္တပ္-BGF (၁၀၁၃)တပ္ရင္းက ရြာသူႀကီးမ်ားထံမွ ဇန္န၀ါရီလ ၇ရက္ေန႔ကတည္းက အဓမၼေတာင္းခံေနဆဲျဖစ္သည္ဟု သိရသည္။

အဆိုပါ BGF တပ္ရင္းသည္ ကမေမာင္းၿမိဳ႕မွ လိႈင္းဘြဲၿမိဳ႕နယ္ မာနယ္ပေလာဂြင္ မယ္ပရြာ(ရြာပ်က္)သို႔သြားမည့္ အင္အား ၇၀၀ခန္႔ရွိ နအဖ ေျချမန္တပ္ရင္း(၂၁၂)၊ (၂၁၄)၊ (၂၁၆)ႏွင့္ (၂၂၀)တပ္ရင္းမ်ား၏ က်ည္ဆံႏွင့္ စားနပ္ရိကၡာမ်ား ပို႔ေဆာင္ေပး ရန္အတြက္ ကတိုင္တိ၊ ေလးဖိုးထာ့ႏွင့္ ထီးသဘလုထာ့ ေက်းရြာအုပ္စုမွ ရြာသားမ်ားကို ေပၚတာအထမ္းသမားမ်ားအျဖစ္ အသံုးျပဳရန္ ရြာသူႀကီးမ်ားထံမွ ယခုလို ေတာင္းခံခဲ့ျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။

အင္အား ၂၀၀ ၀န္းက်င္ရွိ ဗိုလ္မွဴးေစာလွႀကိဳင္ ဦးေဆာင္ေသာ BGF (၁၀၁၃) တပ္ရင္းသည္ အရပ္သား ေပၚတာထမ္းသမား မ်ားကို စုေဆာင္းရာတြင္ ရြာႀကီးလွ်င္ ႀကီးသလို လူဦးေရ သတ္မွတ္ထားၿပီး လက္ရွိအေျခအေနတြင္ ေပၚတာအထမ္းသမား ၂၀၀ခန္႔ကို စုေဆာင္းရရွိခဲ့သည္ဟု ဖာပြန္ခ႐ိုင္မွ ေကအဲန္ယူ တပ္မဟာ(၅) ႐ံုးထိုင္မွဴး ဗိုလ္မွဴးေစာကလယ္ဒို႔က ယခုလို ေျပာ သည္။

၎က “ကတိုင္တိေက်းရြာအုပ္စုထဲက ႏို႔ေဖာထီးရြာဆိုရင္ အေယာက္ ၂၀ေပါ့။ တခ်ဳိ႕ရြာက ၁၅ေယာက္။ ငယ္တဲ့ရြာဆိုရင္ ၇ ေယာက္၊ ၈ေယာက္၊ ၅ေယာက္ အဲလိုေတာင္းတယ္။ တခ်ဳိ႕ရြာက သူႀကီးေတြ ေပၚတာအထမ္းသမားေတြ မစုေပးႏိုင္တဲ့အတြက္ ေတြ႕သမွ် အရြယ္ေရာက္ ေယာက္်ားေတြကို လိုက္ဖမ္းေတာ့တာပဲ။ ရြာသူႀကီးဆိုရင္လည္း သူတို႔(BGF)စုခိုင္းတာမရဘူးဆိုရင္ အၾကပ္ကိုင္ခံရတယ္။”ဟု ေျပာဆိုသည္။

ဇန္န၀ါရီလ ၉ရက္ေန႔က ေပၚတာအထမ္းသမား မစုေဆာင္းေပးႏိုင္သည့္ ေလးဖိုးထာ့ေက်းရြာအုပ္စု ပိုကာရြာသူႀကီး ေစာဖား က်ဳိးႏွင့္ ကတိုင္တိေက်းရြာအုပ္စုမွ ပိုမာ့ဟဲရြာသူႀကီး ေစာလွေအးနဲ႔ ေမာ့ခ်ီးႏူကို ဖမ္းဆီးထားကာ လက္ကို ႀကိဳးႏွင့္ခ်ည္ ထိုး ႀကိတ္ကန္ေက်ာက္ကာ ေသနတ္ဒင္ႏွင့္ထုသည့္အျပင္ ယခုအခ်ိန္ထိလည္း ျပန္မလႊတ္မေပးေသးေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။

ဖာပြန္ခ႐ိုင္ႏွင့္ နယ္နီးစပ္ထိကပ္ေနသည့္ မာနယ္ပေလာဂြင္ မယ္ပရြာသို႔သြားေရာက္မည့္ အဆိုပါနအဖတပ္မ်ားသည္ လက္ရွိ အခ်ိန္တြင္ ဘူးသိုၿမိဳ႕နယ္၊ ေက်ာပါးေက်းရြာအုပ္စု၊ ယြန္းစလင္းေခ်ာင္းအေရွ႕ဘက္ျခမ္းရွိ မဲ့ေညာခီးရြာ ေတာင္ေျခတေနရာတြင္ ေရာက္ရွိေနသည္ဟု ဖာပြန္ခ႐ိုင္ KNLA တပ္မဟာ(၅)မွ တပ္ဖြဲ႕၀င္မ်ားက ဆိုသည္။

BGF တပ္ဖြဲ႕ ယခုလို အတင္းအဓမၼ ေပၚတာစုေဆာင္းမႈႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္၍ ေဒသခံရြာသားတဦးက “အလုပ္အကိုင္ အဆင္မေျပတဲ့ ၾကားမွာ ဒီလို ေပၚတာဖမ္းေတာ့ က်ေနာ္တို႔ မိသားစုအတြက္ အလုပ္ေတြပ်က္တယ္။ ေနာက္ ေပၚတာလိုက္ထမ္းမယ္ဆိုရင္ ဘယ္ႏွစ္ရက္္အထိ ထမ္းရမလဲဆိုတာ သတ္မွတ္ထားတာ မရွိဘူးေလ။ တေခါက္ ထမ္းရမယ္လို႔ပဲ ေျပာတယ္။ သြားမယ္ဆိုရင္ လည္း လမ္းမွာ ႀကံဳေတြ႕ရမယ့္ အခက္အခဲက ဘာေတြျဖစ္လာမလဲ ႀကိဳမွမသိထားေတာ့ ေၾကာက္တယ္။”ဟု ေျပာသည္။

ယင္းသို႔ BGF (၁၀၁၃)တပ္ရင္း၏ ေပၚတာအထမ္းသမား စုေဆာင္းခံရသည့္ ေက်းရြာမ်ားမွာ တတိုင္တိေက်းရြာအုပ္စုမွ ကတိုင္ တိ၊ ႏို႔ေဖာထီး၊ ေဘာက်ဳလယ္(တ၀က္ပါတယ္)၊ ဖားလိုးဒို႔၊ ဖားလိုးဖိုး၊ ေတာသူးကလား၊ ထီးသဲေလး၊ ပိုမာဟဲေက်းရြာမ်ား၊ ေလး ဖိုးထာ့ေက်းရြာအုပ္စုမွ ေဘာက်ဳလယ္(တ၀က္ပါတယ္)၊ ပိုကာ၊ ေလးဖိုးထာ့၊ က်ဳိးေဒး၊ တေရာပူ၊ မဲၾကည္ခီး၊ ၀ါးဒူး၊ သာ့ေအာ့ပ ေလ၊ ၀ါ့တမူ၊ ပဟိကလား၊ ေက်းရြာမ်ားႏွင့္ ထီးသဘလုထာ့ေက်းရြာအုပ္စုမွ ထီးသဘလုထာ့၊ ထီးေလာ္ေသထာ့၊ ႏို႔ေဂၚ၊ ၀ါ့ သိုးကလား၊ ကေပခီး၊ ထီးဖဒို႔ခီး၊ ထီးေခ်ာမဲ၊ ဘလယ့္ကယ္ရြာမ်ား ျဖစ္သည္။

၁၉၉၄ခုႏွစ္၊ ေကအဲန္ယူ၏ ဗဟိုဌာနခ်ဳပ္ မာနယ္ပေလာက်ၿပီးေနာက္ပိုင္း ဖာပြန္ခ႐ိုင္၊ ဒြယ္လိုးၿမိဳ႕နယ္တြင္ ေဒသခံ အရပ္သား မ်ားကို ေပၚတာအထမ္းသမား အမ်ားဆံုး ဖမ္းဆီးျခင္းမွာ ယခုတႀကိမ္သည္ ပထမဆံုးျဖစ္ၿပီး နအဖမွ မာနယ္ပေလာေဒသကို စစ္အင္အားတိုးခ်ဲ႕ကာ ရွင္းလင္းရာတြင္ စစ္ကူအျဖစ္ အသံုးျပဳရန္ျဖစ္ႏုိင္ေၾကာင္း ေ၀ဖန္မႈမ်ားရွိေနသည္။

ကရင္ျပည္နယ္ေန႔

ကရင္ျပည္နယ္ေန႔

ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္ေန႔

ႏို၀င္ဘာလ (၇)ရက္ေန႔သည္ ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္ (ေကာ္သူးေလ)ေန႔ျဖစ္သည္။ ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္ေန႔ၿဖစ္ေပၚလာပံုမွာ ေအာက္ပါအတိုင္းၿဖစ္ေလသည္။

ဖြဲ႔စည္းအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ပံု အေၿခခံဥပေဒအပိုဒ္ ၁၈၀(၁)အရ သံလြင္ခရိုင္ကို ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္အၿဖစ္ ပထမအဆင့္ သတ္မွတ္ခဲ့သည္။ ၁၉၅၄ ခုဇြန္လ (၁)ရက္ေန႔သို႔ ေရာက္ရွိၿပန္ေသာအခါ သံလြင္ခရိုင္ႏွင့္ ဆက္စပ္ေနေသာ ေဒသမ်ားၿဖစ္သည့္ ဘားအံ၊ သံေတာင္၊ လိႈင္းဘြဲ႔ၿမိဳ႔မ်ားႏွင့္ ၁၉၅၅ ခုႏွစ္ ဇူလိုင္လ (၁)ရက္ေန႔တြင္ ၾကာအင္းဆိပ္ၾကီး၊ ေကာ့ကရိတ္ၿမိဳ႔နယ္မ်ား ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္ အက်ယ္အ၀န္းႏွင့္ ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္မႈအတြင္းသို. ေရာက္ရွိလာခဲ့သည္။ ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္၏ အက်ယ္အ၀န္းမွာ စတုရန္းမိုင္ေပါင္း (၁၁၀၉၁)ၿဖစ္သည္။ ေက်းရြာေပါင္း (၄၆၄)ရြာႏွင့္ လူဦးေရ (၆၀၀၀၀၀) ေၿခာက္သိန္းခန္႔ရွိေလသည္။ ၁၉၅၆ခုႏွစ္ ေဖေဖာ္၀ါရီလ (၂၅)၇က္ေန႔တြင္ က်င္းပေသာ (စုဒၵသမ)၁၄-ႀကိမ္ေၿမာက္ ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္ေကာင္စီညီလာခံမွ ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္ေန႔ သတ္မွတ္ေရးအဆိုကို တင္သြင္းရန္ သတ္မွတ္ခဲ့ေလသည္။

ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္ေန႔ကို သတ္မွတ္ရာတြင္ ေအာက္ပါအခ်က္မ်ားေပၚတြင္ မူတည္၍ သတ္မွတ္ခဲ့သည္။
(၁) သံလြင္ခရိုင္ကို ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္ အၿဖစ္သတ္မွတ္ၿပီး ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္သမၼတက အတည္ၿပဳလက္မွတ္ထိုးေပးေသာ ႏို၀င္ဘာလ (၇)ရက္ေန႔။
(၂) ဘားအံ၊ လႈိင္းဘြဲ႔၊ သံေတာင္ ၿမိဳ႔နယ္မ်ားကို ပထမအၾကိမ္ ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္အတြင္း ေပါင္းစည္းခဲ့သည္႔ ဇြန္လ-၁ရက္ေန႔။
(၃) ၾကာအင္းဆိပ္ၾကီး၊ ေကာ့ကရိတ္ ၿမိဳ႔နယ္မ်ားကို ဒုတိယအၾကိမ္ ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္အတြင္း ေပါင္းစည္းခဲ့သည္႔
ဇူလိုင္လ-၁ရက္ေန႔။

ဤသံုးရက္ေန႔ကို ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္ေန႔အၿဖစ္ သတ္မွတ္ရန္စဥ္းစားခဲ့ၾကရာ ႏို၀င္ဘာလ(၇)ရက္ေန႔ကို
ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္ေန႔အၿဖစ္ ေရြးခ်ယ္သတ္မွတ္ခဲ့ၾကသည္။
(၁) ဇြန္လ-၁ရက္ေန႔ႏွင့္ ဇူလိုင္လ-၁ရက္ေန႔တို႔သည္ မိုးမ်ားရြာေသာ မိုးရာသီရက္မ်ား ၿဖစ္ေသာေၾကာင့္ အခမ္းနားက်င္းပရန္ မသင့္ေလ်ာ္။
(၂) ႏို၀င္ဘာ-၇ ရက္ေန႔သည္ ရာသီဥသာယာေသာ ေဆာင္းရာသီႏွင့္ ေႏြရာသီၿဖစ္ေသာေၾကာင့္ အခမ္းအနားက်င္းပရန္ ေကာင္းမြန္သည္။
(၃) ထိုေန႔ (ႏို၀င္ဘာ-၇)တြင္ ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္ေန႔အၿဖစ္ ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္သမၼတက လက္မွတ္ေရးထိုးခဲ့သည္။
ဤအေၾကာင္းမ်ားေၾကာင့္ ႏို၀င္ဘာလ (၇)ရက္ေန႔ကို ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္ေန႔အၿဖစ္ သတ္မွတ္၍ တရား၀င္
က်င္းပလာခဲ့ၿခင္းၿဖစ္သည္။

ကရင္ျပည္နယ္

၁၉၆၄ ခုႏွစ္ ဧၿပီလ (၃) ရက္ေန႔တြင္ ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္ကို ေကာ္သူးေလ ဟုေၿပာင္းလဲေခၚဆိုခဲ့သည္။ ေကာ္သူးေလ၏ အက်ယ္အ၀န္းမွာ စတုရန္းမိုင္စုစုေပါင္း (၁၁.၀၉၁) တစ္ေသာင္းတစ္ေထာင္႔ကိုးဆယ္တစ္မိုင္ ရွိသည္။ ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္သည္ ၿမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ၏ အေရွ႔ေတာင္ဖ်ား၊ ေၿမာက္ဘက္ လတီၱက်ဳ. ဒီဂရီ
၁၅.၁၅ (ေရးၿမိဳ႔ႏွင့္ တတန္းတည္း)ႏွင့္ ဒီဂရီ ၁၉.၁၃(ေရနီၿမိဳ႔ႏွင့္ တတန္းတည္း)အေရွ႔ဘက္ ေလာင္ဂ်ီတြဒ္ဒီဂရီ ၉၆.၁၅ႏွင့္ ဒီဂရီ ၉၈.၅၅စပ္ၾကားတြင္ အေနာက္ေၿမာက္မွ အေရွ႔ေတာင္ဆီသို႔ ခပ္ယြန္းယြန္း က်ဥ္းေၿမာင္းေကြ႔ေကာက္ ရွည္လ်ားစြာ တည္ရွိေနသည္။ ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္၏ နယ္နိမိတ္မွာ ေၿမာက္ဘက္တြင္ ရမည္းသင္းခရိုင္၊ အေရွ႔ေၿမာက္ဘက္တြင္ ရွမ္းၿပည္နယ္ႏွင့္ ကယားၿပည္နယ္၊ အေရွ႔ဘက္တြင္ သံလြင္ၿမစ္ႏွင့္ ၎၏ျမစ္လက္တက္ ေသာင္းရင္းၿမစ္တို႔အၾကားၿဖစ္သည့္ ယိုးဒယားႏိုင္ငံ၊ ေတာင္ဘက္တြင္ က်ဳိကၡမီခရိုင္တြင္ပါ
၀င္ေသာ ေရးၿမိဳ႔နယ္၊ အေနာက္ဘက္တြင္ ေတာင္ငူခရိုင္တြင္ပါ၀င္ေသာ ေရတာရွည္ၿမိဳ႔ နယ္မ်ား၊ သထံုခရိုင္တြင္ပါ၀င္ေသာ ဘီးလင္း၊ သထံုႏွင့္ ေပါင္ၿမိဳ႔နယ္မ်ား၊ က်ဳိကၡမီခရိုင္တြင္ ပါ၀င္ေသာ က်ိဳက္မေရာ၊ မုဒံု၊ က်ဳိကၡမီႏွင့္ ေရးၿမိဳ႔နယ္မ်ားရွိၾကသည္။ ၿပည္နယ္အတြင္းရွိ ခရိုင္အလိုက္၊ ၿမိဳ႔နယ္အလိုက္ အက်ယ္အ၀န္းမွာ သံလြင္(၂၆၆၆)၊ လႈိင္းဘြဲ(၁၇၆၄)၊ ဘားအံ(၁၀၀၇)၊ ေကာ့ကရိတ္(၁၉၆၃)၊ ၾကာအင္း(၁၂၃၈)၊ သံေတာင္(၇၀၃)စတုန္းရန္းမိုင္ အသီးသီးရွိၾကသည္။

ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္၏ၿမိဳ႔ေတာ္သည္ "ဘားအံ" ၿမိဳ႔ၿဖစ္သည္။

ကရင္ျပည္နယ္အလံ

(၁) အလံ၏ပံုစံ-ေထာင္မွန္စတုဂံပံု ၿဖစ္သည္။
(၂) အလံအေရာင္-လက္၀ဲဘက္အေပၚဘက္ေထာင့္ အလံ၏သံုးပံု
တစ္ပံုေနရာတြင္ ၾကယ္ၿဖဴတလံုး၊ က်န္အပိုင္းတို႔တြင္ အၿပာေရာင္ အလံ၏
အလယ္တြင္ အၿဖဴေရာင္၊ အလံ၏ေအာက္ဆံုးပိုင္းတြင္ အနီေရာင္ၿဖစ္သည္။
(၃) အလံ ပမာဏ အရြယ္အစား
အလံအၾကီးဆံုး ……..အလ်ား(၉)ေပ၊အနံ(၅)ေပ
အလံအလတ္စား …….အလ်ား(၆)ေပ(၆)လက္မ
အနံ (၃)ေပ (၄)လက္မ
အလံအငယ္စား ……အလ်ား(၄)ေပ (၆)လက္မ
အနံ (၂)ေပ (၆)လက္မ၊
။ ။ ။။ အလ်ား(၃)ေပ
အနံ(၁)ေပ(၈)လက္မ
။ ။ ။။ အလ်ား(၃)ေပ
အနံ(၁)ေပ(၈)လက္မ
။ ။ ။။ အလ်ား(၂)ေပ (၆)လက္မ
အနံ(၁)ေပ (၄)လက္မခြဲ။
။ ။ ။။ အလ်ား(၂)ေပ
အနံ(၁)ေပ (၁)လက္မ
။ ။ ။။ အလ်ား(၁)ေပ (၆)လက္မ
အနံ(၁၀)လက္မ
။ ။ ။။ အလ်ား(၁)ေပ
အနံ(၇)လက္မခြဲ
ဤသည္တို႔ကား ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္ အလံအရြယ္အစားမ်ဳိးစံုၿဖစ္ေပသည္။

အဓိပၸါယ္ အႏွစ္သာရ
(၁)အလံ၏ လက္၀ဲဘက္ သံုးပံုတစ္ပံုေနရာ တိမ္ထဲမွ ၾကယ္ၾကီးတစ္လံုးမွာ ၿပည္ေထာင္စုထဲမွ ျပည္နယ္တစ္ခုၿဖစ္ေၾကာင္း အဓိပၸါယ္ေဖာ္ေဆာင္ထားၿခင္းၿဖစ္သည္။

(၂)အၿပာေရာင္သေဘာမွာ တည္ၾကည္၊ နက္နဲ၊ ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေသာ အမွတ္လကၡဏာ ၿဖစ္သည္။

(၃)အၿဖဴေရာင္၏ သေဘာမွာ ၿဖဴစင္ၿခင္းႏွင့္ သန္႔ရွင္းစင္ၾကယ္ၿခင္း၏ လကၡဏာၿဖစ္သည္။

(၄) အနီေရာင္၏ သေဘာမွာမူ ရဲရင့္ၿခင္း၊ သတိၱရွိၿခင္း၊ ဇြဲေကာင္းၿခင္း၊ ေသြးစည္းညီညြတ္ေရး၏ အဓိပၸါယ္အႏွစ္သာရမ်ားကို ေဖာ္ေဆာင္ထားၿခင္းၿဖစ္သည္။
ဤသည္တို႔ကား ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္အလံအေၾကာင္း ၿဖစ္သည္။

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ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္တံဆိပ္

(၁) အလယ္တြင္ ဖားစည္မ်က္ႏွာၿပင္ႏွင့္ သီလ၊ သမာဓိ၊ သစၥာ အမွတ္အသား စာလံုးမ်ားေရးသားထားသည္။
(၂) လက္်ာဘက္တြင္ ဆင္ရုပ္တုတစ္ခု၊။
(၃) လက္၀ဲဘက္တြင္ ဆင္ရုပ္တုတစ္ခု၊။
(၄) ဦးထိပ္ဘက္တြင္ ၿခေသၤ့ရုပ္တစ္ခု။
ဤအမွတ္သား၊ ဤစာသား၊ ဤအၿခင္းအရာမ်ား ပါရွိေသာတံဆိပ္သည္ ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္တံဆိပ္ ၿဖစ္သည္။

အဓိပၸါယ္အႏွစ္သာရ
(၁) တံဆိပ္၏အလယ္မွ ဖားစည္မ်က္ႏွာၿပင္၏ အဓိပၸါယ္မွာ ကရင္အမ်ိဳးသားမ်ား၏ ယဥ္ေက်းမူ႔ဘ၀ကို ေဖာ္ၿပထားေသာ ယဥ္ေက်းမူ႔ပစၥည္းၿဖစ္ၿခင္း။
(၂) သီလ၊ သမာဓိ၊ သစၥာ စာလံုးမ်ား၏ အဓိပၸါယ္မွာ ကရင္အမ်ိဳးသားမ်ားသည္ အက်င့္သီလ ၿပည့္စံုေကာင္းမြန္ၿခင္း၊ ေၿဖာင့္မတ္တည္ၾကည္ရိုးသားၿခင္း၊ သစၥာရွိၿခင္းစေသာ အရည္အခ်င္းေကာင္းမ်ားကို ေဖာ္ၿပထားၿခင္းၿဖစ္သည္။
(၃) တံဆိပ္၏ လက္်ာဘက္မွဆင္ႏွင့္ လက္၀ဲဘက္မွ ဆင္ရုပ္တို႔မွာ ၿပည္ေထာင္စု ၿမန္မာႏိုင္ငံအတြင္း ကရင္ၿပည္နယ္သည္ သစ္မ်ားကို ဒုတိယအမ်ားဆံုး ထုတ္လုပ္ႏိုင္ၿခင္းကို ေဖာ္ၿပထားသည့္ အဓိပၸါယ္ၿဖစ္သည္။
(၄) တံဆိပ္၏ ဦးထိပ္ပိုင္းမွ ၿခေသၤ့ရုပ္မွာမႈ ၿပည္ေထာင္စုၿမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ၏ တံဆိပ္တြင္ ၿခေသၤ့ရုပ္ပါရွိသည့္အတိုင္း ၿပည္ေထာင္စုၿမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ၏ အဖြဲ႔၀င္ၿပည္နယ္တစ္ခုၿဖစ္ေၾကာင္း ေဖာ္ၿပထားၿခင္းၿဖစ္ေပသည္။

(အမ်ဳိးသားစာေပဆုႏွင့္ လူ႔အခြင့္ေရးဆုရ ဖူ႔ေမာင္စင္ၾကယ္၏ ကရင့္ဘ၀ဓေလ့စာအုပ္မွ ေဖာ္ၿပပါသည္။)


ျမစ္နဒီကိုးသြယ္မွ ကူးယူေဖာ္ျပသည္

ပင္လံု

သိသမွ်၊ ျမင္သမွ် - ပင္လံု ၁.၁

     စာေတြ ေရးရင္းေရးရင္းနဲ႔ အတိအက် မီွျငမ္းၿပီးေရးရတာ နည္းနည္းေမာလာတယ္။
ဒါေၾကာင့္ သူငယ္ခ်င္းေတြနဲ႔ စကားေျပာၾကသလိုပဲ ေပါ့ေပါ့ပါးပါးကေလး ေျပာမယ္ဗ်ာ။ အမွန္ေတာ့
ဒါကမွ ဘေလာ့တကယ္ဆန္တာပါ။ ဘေလာ့ဆိုတာကိုက စာႀကီးေပႀကီးတင္တဲ့ ေနရာမွ မဟုတ္ပဲ
ေနာ။

     ကဲ အရင္ဆံုး ႏွစ္သစ္ေတြဘာေတြ မဂၤလာေတြ လုပ္မေနေတာ့ဘူးဗ်ာ၊ ေလာေလာဆယ္ ေရွ႕ပို႔စ္
မွာ ကိုေက်ာ္ထင္ လာတြန္းထားတဲ့ ဒုတိယပင္လံုညီလာခံကိစၥ ေျပာၾကည့္မယ္ဗ်ာ။ မစခင္ ဆက္စပ္
ၿပီး အေတြးထဲဝင္လာတာက ၂၀၁၀ မွာ ၾကံဳခဲ့တာေလးတစ္ခု။ က်ေနာ့္အီးေမးလ္ထဲ စာတစ္ေစာင္ဝင္
လာတယ္ဗ်။ လိုရင္းကေတာ့ က်ေနာ္ဟာ အခြင့္အေရးသမား တစ္ေယာက္ျဖစ္တယ္ဆိုတာ သူသိ
တယ္ဆိုတာနဲ႔ “ဒင္းလိုလူစား သတိထားေဟ့” ဆိုတဲ့ ေဆာင္းပါးလင့္ပါ ထည့္ေပးထားၿပီး က်ေနာ့္ကို
“ဂဠဳန္ဦးေစာ” နဲ႔ပါ ႏိႈင္းသဗ်ား။

     ပထမဦးဆံုး ဘယ္လိုခံစားရသလဲလို႔ အင္တာဗ်ဴးလုပ္သလိုေမးရင္ေတာ့ … ဟုတ္ကဲ့၊ စိတ္နည္း
နည္း အေႏွာင့္အယွက္ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ၿပီးေတာ့ ဂုဏ္လည္းယူမိပါတယ္၊ လို႔ေျပာရပါမယ္။

     ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ေအာင္ဆန္းတို႔တေတြကို လုပ္ၾကံသတ္ျဖတ္ခဲ့တဲ့လူနဲ႔ အႏိႈင္းခံရတာမ်ား ဂုဏ္ယူစရာ
လားဆိုၿပီး ေဒါသထြက္မယ့္သူမ်ား ခဏေနၾကပါအံုး။ ဦးေစာ ဘယ္ေလာက္ဆိုးသလဲ က်ေနာ္မသိ
ပါဘူး။ (သိၾကသူမ်ား ျဖည့္ေပးရင္ေတာ့ ဝမ္းသာရမွာပါ)။ က်ေနာ္သိတာက သူနန္းရင္းဝန္ျဖစ္ခဲ့ဖူး
တယ္။ ဆရာစံတို႔ လယ္သမားသူပုန္ေတြဖက္က ေရွ႕ေနလိုက္ေပးခဲ့ဖူးတယ္။ အခ်ိဳ႕က သူ႔အက်ိဳး
အတြက္ေမွ်ာ္မွန္းၿပီးလုပ္တာလို႔ ေျပာၾကပါတယ္။ က်ေနာ္ကေတာ့ တစ္မ်ိဳးေတြးတယ္။ အက်ိဳးကို
ျမင္ႏိုင္တာကိုက မညံ့ဖူးလို႔ထင္တယ္၊ ေနာက္တစ္ခ်က္က သူပုန္ေတြဖက္က ျခဴးတစ္ျပားမွမရပဲ
ဒုကၡပါေရာက္သြားႏိုင္တဲ့ စြန္႔စားရမႈကို လုပ္ရဲတာ။ ေနာက္ဆံုးမွာ ဗမာလူမ်ိဳးေတြထဲက ရခဲလွတဲ့
ရာထူးအထိတက္ယူသြားႏိုင္တယ္။ ပါခ်ီပါခ်က္အဆင့္ေတာင္ မတက္ႏိုင္ေသးတဲ့ ကိုယ့္လိုလူကို ဒီ
လိုပုဂၢိဳလ္မ်ိဳးနဲ႔လာႏိႈင္းေတာ့ က်ေနာ္ဂုဏ္ယူမိတာ မွားမ်ားသြားမလား။ ကိုယ့္နဲ႔ ႏိႈင္းယွဥ္လို႔မရတဲ့
အရည္အေသြးေတြအျပင္ အာဇာနည္လုပ္ၾကံမႈမွာ ဦးေစာဟာ ၾကားကဓါးစာခံပါဆိုတဲ့ အျငင္းအခံု
ေတြကိုေတာ့ အရွည္မခ်ဲ႕ခ်င္ပါဘူးဗ်ာ။

     ခုမွ အေပၚကေျပာတဲ့ ကိုေက်ာ္ထင္ကိစၥနဲ႔ နည္းနည္းနီးစပ္လာၿပီ။ ပင္လံုစာခ်ဳပ္မခ်ဳပ္ခင္မွာ မိုင္း
ပြန္ေစာ္ဘြားႀကီးေျပာခဲ့တဲ့ “အဂၤလိပ္ကၽြန္ကေန ဗမာကၽြန္အျဖစ္ လက္ေျပာင္းခံရတာမ်ိဳးေတာ့ မျဖစ္
ခ်င္ဖူး” ဆိုကာမွ ခုေတာ့ တကယ္ကိုလာျဖစ္ေနတယ္လို႔ တိုင္းရင္းသားအေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားက ေျပာၾက
တာေတာ့ အမွန္ပဲဗ်။ (သူတို႔တာဝန္အေရး ၃ ပါးၾကားထဲမွာ ႀကီးျပင္းလာသူေတြအတြက္ေတာ့ ခၽြင္း
ခ်က္ေပါ့ေလ)။

     အလြယ္တကူျမင္တဲ့အထဲက ထည့္တြက္စရာေလးေတြးေတာ့ ရွိပါတယ္။ ပထမတစ္ခ်က္က ဒီ
ပင္လံုစာခ်ဳပ္လက္မွတ္ထိုးေတာ့ အနည္းဆံုး ရခိုင္၊ မြန္ နဲ႔ ကရင္တို႔ မပါခဲ့ဖူးဆိုတဲ့အခ်က္ပါ။ အဲဒီ
တစ္ခ်က္နဲ႔တင္ အေတာ္ေလး ဝိဝါဒကြဲစရာ၊ ျငင္းခံုစရာေတြ ျဖစ္ေနပါၿပီ။ ေနာက္တစ္ခ်က္ကေတာ့
ပင္လံုစာခ်ဳပ္မွာ ပါသူ မပါသူအားလံုးအတြက္ အာမခံခ်က္ျဖစ္ခဲ့တဲ့ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ေအာင္ဆန္းကို ရွင္းထုတ္
လိုက္တဲ့အခ်က္ပါ။ အဲဒီမွာ ကိစၥကျပတ္သြားပါၿပီ။ ေနာက္ဆက္တြဲေတြကေတာ့ အျပန္အလွန္အျပစ္
တင္တာေတြနဲ႔ ေယာင္ဝါးဝါးေတြမ်ားသြားပါၿပီ။ အဲဒီလိုျဖစ္ေအာင္လည္းလုပ္ခဲ့တဲ့ ဗမာေခါင္းေဆာင္
ေတြရွိခဲ့တာေၾကာင့္ ခုထိတဝဲလည္လည္ေပါ့ဗ်ာ။ (ခုေတာ့ သူတို႔လိုခ်င္တဲ့ပံုစံ ရေနၿပီေလ၊ ရင္ပတ္
ေဟာင္းေလာင္းနဲ႔ ခႏၶာအစိတ္အပိုင္းအားလံုးလည္း ျမင္တဲ့အတိုင္းေပါ့။)

     ဒုတိယပင္လံုဆီ ဆက္မသြားခင္ အခ်က္တစ္ခ်ိဳ႕ကိုလည္း ထည့္စဥ္းစားၾကည့္ခ်င္ပါတယ္။
ပထမတစ္ခ်က္ ကရင့္ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြရဲ့ ေတာင္းဆိုခ်က္ေတြကို ဗမာေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြက ေနရာ
အေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားမွာ “ခင္ဗ်ားတို႔လိုခ်င္ရင္ တိုက္ယူေပါ့ဗ်ာ” လို႔ ေျပာခဲ့တာေတြ ရွိတယ္လို႔သိရပါ
တယ္။ ေနာက္တစ္ခ်က္က ၁၉၄၇ အေျခခံဥပေဒကို လိုရာဆြဲေရးၿပီး လူမ်ိဳးစုေတြရဲ့ အခြင့္အေရးကို
ဘယ္လိုမွ ဥပေဒေၾကာင္းအရ ျဖစ္မလာႏိုင္ေအာင္ လုပ္ထားခဲ့တာ၊ ၿပီးေတာ့ လြတ္လပ္ေရးရစမွာ
စစ္တပ္မွာ ကရင္ေတြသာမ်ားခဲ့တာ အားလံုးလိုလို သိၾကမယ္ထင္ပါတယ္။ က်ေနာ္ၾကားမိသမွ်က
ေတာ့ ကရင္ေတြကိုတိုက္ဖို႔ ေတာခိုခဲ့ၾကရာက ဦးေနဝင္းကပါ လုိုက္မလိုလိုနဲ႔ ကြန္ျမဴနစ္အပါအဝင္
အျခားအဖြဲ႕ေတြကို တဖက္လွည့္ၿပီး သူပုန္ျဖစ္ေအာင္လုပ္ခဲ့တယ္ လို႔ဆိုပါတယ္။ အဖြဲ႕စံုက သိမ္း
ထားတဲ့ၿမိဳ႕ေတြကို KNDO က ျပန္သိမ္းၿပီး အစိုးရလက္ထဲ ျပန္အပ္ခဲ့ၿပီးမွ ဦးေနဝင္းက သူ႔လက္စြဲ
ဦးစန္းယု၊ ဦးစိန္လြင္တို႔တေတြနဲ႔ KNDO ရံုးေတြကို ဝင္စီးၿပီး ေတာထဲေရာက္ေအာင္ တြန္းထုတ္ခဲ့
တယ္လို႔ ဆိုပါတယ္။

     တခါ ဒီဖက္ေခတ္ေရာက္ျပန္ေတာ့ ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရးေဆြးေႏြးပဲြနာမည္တပ္ၿပီး တဖက္သတ္ လက္
နက္ ခ်ဖို႔ခ်ည္း ေျပာေနခဲ့တာ၊ လက္နက္ကိုင္အဖြဲ႕ေတြကို ကြဲေအာင္ဖဲ့ထုတ္တာ၊ ႏိုင္ငံေရးအရ ဘယ္
တုန္းကမွ မေျဖရွင္းတာ၊ လူမ်ိဳးေရး ဘာသာေရးကိစၥေလးေတြကလည္း တခါတရံမွာ တေျမ့ေျမ့အေန
အထားထက္ ပိုလာတတ္တာေတြအျပင္ NLD ေတာင္မွ တိုင္းရင္းသားေတြနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္လို႔ တိက်တဲ့
ရပ္တည္ခ်က္နဲ႔ ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္ေတြ အမ်ားသိေအာင္ ခ်မျပႏိုင္တာေတြဟာ တိုင္းရင္းသားေတြအတြက္
မယံုၾကည္ရေလာက္ေအာင္ ျဖစ္ေစတဲ့အေၾကာင္းေတြထဲက တစ္ခ်ိဳ႕ေပါ့ဗ်ာ။ အဲ .. တစ္ဖက္မွာေတာ့
စစ္အာဏာပိုင္ေတြဖက္က နည္းနည္းမွအေလ်ာ့မေပးပဲ အျပတ္အသတ္ႏွိပ္ကြပ္မွာရယ္၊ ဒုတိယပင္
လံုညီလာခံကို မရရတဲ့နည္းနဲ႔ဖ်က္မွာကေတာ့ အင္မတန္ကို ယံုၾကည္စရာေကာင္းေနျပန္ေတာ့သကိုး
ဗ်။

[အခ်ဳပ္ကို ၾကည့္ျပန္ေတာ့လည္း ေခတ္အဆက္ဆက္ဦးေဆာင္ေနသူေတြဟာ ဗမာ မဟုတ္ရင္လည္း
ဗမာစိတ္ဝင္ေနသူေတြခ်ည္းဆိုေတာ့ တိုင္းရင္းသားေတြဖက္က ၾကည့္လိုက္ရင္ ဗမာေတြဟာ (အ
ယဥ္ေက်းဆံုးေျပာရရင္) ဥာဏ္မ်ားတယ္၊ ယံုလို႔မရဖူးလို႔ ေယဘုယ်အေျဖထြက္တာပါပဲ။ ဒါကို အ
ေၾကာင္းအမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးျပ ျငင္းၾကမွာလည္း ေသခ်ာပါတယ္။ အခ်ိဳ႕ဗမာေတြအတြက္လည္း နားလည္ဖို႔ ခက္
ေကာင္းခက္ပါလိမ့္မယ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္ အရိုးေဆြးေနၿပီျဖစ္တဲ့ ကိုလိုနီနယ္ခ်ဲ႕စနစ္ကို ခုထိေၾကာက္ရြံ႕
(အေၾကာင္းျပ) ၿပီး ႏိုင္ငံ့အာဏာကို ဆုပ္ကိုင္ထားေနတုန္းျဖစ္တဲ့ သူေတြကိုၾကည့္ရင္ နည္းနည္းေတာ့
စာနာသေဘာေပါက္ေပးႏိုင္မယ္ ထင္ပါတယ္။ မျဖစ္ႏိုင္တာကိုေတာင္ ဗမာအခ်ိဳ႕ေၾကာက္ေနၾကေသး
တာ၊ တိုင္းရင္းသားေတြက လက္ရွိခံစားေနၾကရတာေလဗ်ာ။ တခါ စစ္အာဏာရွင္ေတြကို လက္ညိွဳး
ထိုးၿပီး လူတစ္စုက လုပ္တာပါလို႔ ေျပာၾကျပန္မယ္။ ဟစ္တိုင္ဝက္ဘ္ဆိုဒ္ရဲ့ ေပးစာက႑မွာေရးထား
သလိုေပါ့ဗ်ာ၊ ဗမာျပည္ကိုသိမ္းတာ အိႏိၵယ (ကုလား) တပ္ေတြပဲ၊ အဂၤလိပ္ေတြက ဦးေဆာင္ရံုဦး
ေဆာင္ခဲ့တာ ဆိုသလိုေပါ့။ (ျဖစ္ေနတဲ့အေနအထားကို ေျပာတာေနာ္၊ လူမ်ိဳးမုန္းတီးေရး ေျပာေနတယ္
လို႔ စြပ္စြဲခ်င္သူရွိရင္ ႏွစ္ခါျပန္စဥ္းစားဖို႔ လိုေကာင္းလိုပါမယ္။ အမွန္ကိုလက္မခံရင္ ဘယ္ေတာ့မွ ေျဖ
ရွင္းလို႔ရမယ့္ ကိစၥေတြမဟုတ္ဖူးလို႔ သတိေပးခ်င္ပါတယ္။)]

     ဒီကေန႔အေနအထားကိုၾကည့္ေတာ့ ပင္လံုညီလာခံအတြက္ပဲေျပာေျပာ၊ ျပည္သူေတြႏိုးၾကားလာ
ေအာင္လို႔ပဲဆိုဆို၊ ဒါမွမဟုတ္ တိုင္းရင္းသားစည္းလံုးညီညြတ္ေရးလို႔ နာမည္တပ္တပ္ လုပ္လို႔ရစရာက
တစ္ကြက္မွ မရွိဖူးေလဗ်ာ။ ခရီးသြားလာ ဆက္သြယ္ဖို႔၊ သတင္းလြတ္လပ္ဖို႔၊ တစ္ဦးနဲ႔တစ္ဦး ပြင့္ပြင့္
လင္းလင္း အာဃာတကင္းကင္းနဲ႔ ေဆြးေႏြးဖို႔ေတြဟာ ပန္ေလေသာဘုရားေလာင္းဆုလိုပဲ ေမွ်ာ္ေလ
တိုင္းေဝးေလေတာ့ အင္း … လိုရင္းကေတာ့ ဒီႏိုင္ငံလည္း အံုႂကြၿပီး အေတာ္ကေလးသတ္ျဖတ္ၾကလို႔
ဝမွပဲ ေျပာင္းလဲမႈဆိုတာ ရွိလာႏိုင္ဖို႔ ျမင္မိပါတယ္ဗ်ာ၊ တကယ္ပါ။

(ဝက္ဘ္ဆိုဒ္ေတြမွာ ေျပာေနၾကတာေတာ့ ရွိပါတယ္။ ေဒၚစု ႏိုင္ငံျပင္ပထြက္ ေဆြးေႏြးဖို႔တို႔၊ ကိုယ္စား
လွယ္ေတြနဲ႔တဆင့္ ေဆြးေႏြးဖို႔တို႔ စသည္ျဖင့္ေပါ့။ က်ေနာ္ျမင္တာေတာ့ ေဒၚစု တစ္ေယာက္ပဲ အားလံုးက
ယံုၾကည္တယ္၊ ႏိုင္ငံျပင္ပထြက္ဖို႔က နအဖအကြက္နဲ႔ကြက္တိမို႔ မျဖစ္ႏိုင္၊ နအဖ ဖက္ကလည္းဘယ္လို
မွ ေလွ်ာ့ဖို႔လမ္းမျမင္ဆိုေတာ့ မီးေတာင္ေပါက္ကြဲမႈကို ေစာင့္ၾကရံုေပါ့ဗ်ာ။)

     အပ်က္ျမင္တယ္ဆိုလည္း ခံရမွာပဲ။ ဒါေပမယ့္ တဖက္က လုပ္လို႔ရႏိုင္မယ္ထင္တာကေတာ့ ေဒၚစု
ေနာက္ခံနဲ႔ အမ်ားျပည္သူကို အသိပညာဗဟုသုတေတြ ျဖန္႔ေဝေပးဖို႔က စရမယ္လို႔ ယံုၾကည္မိတာပါ
ပဲ (ဒီမိုကေရစီလိုလားသူေတြအတြက္ေကာ နအဖေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ားရဲ့ ေသြးသံမက်မယ့္ တစ္ခုတည္း
ေသာထြက္ေပါက္လို႔ နားလည္မိတယ္)။ ဒုတိယ ပင္လံုပန္းတိုင္ကိုသြားဖို႔လမ္းဟာ မျဖစ္ႏိုင္ဖူးမဟုတ္
ေပမယ့္ လက္ရွိအေနအထားမွာေတာ့ အင္မတန္အလွမ္းေဝးေနေသးတယ္လို႔ ေယဘုယ်ျမင္မိတယ္။
ပင္လံုကိစၥအျပင္ ဒီမိုကေရစီအေရးအပါအဝင္ ျမန္မာျပည္သူျပည္သားေတြအားလံုး အသိပညာဗဟုသု
တ ျမင့္မားလာၿပီး လိုအပ္တဲ့ ရုပ္ပိုင္း စိတ္ပိုင္း ျပင္ဆင္စရာေတြ အတိုင္းအတာတစ္ခုအထိ လိုတယ္
လို႔ ျမင္ပါတယ္။ (စားလို႔ရႏိုင္တဲ့ အေနအထားအထိနူးလာေအာင္ ခ်က္ျပဳတ္ဖို႔လိုသလိုပဲလို႔ ခိုင္းႏိႈင္း
ရင္လည္း ရႏိုင္ပါလိမ့္မယ္။) အဲဒါကို ဘယ္လိုသြားမလဲဆိုတာကေတာ့ လုပ္ရင္းကိုင္ရင္း ျဖစ္သြားပါ
လိ္မ့္မယ္။ လုပ္မယ့္လူေတြရဲ့ စိတ္ဓါတ္နဲ႔ စြမ္းအားေတြကို ႀကိဳၿပီးအကဲမျဖတ္ခ်င္ပါဘူး။ စၿပီး လုပ္မယ့္
သူေတြသာလိုပါမယ္။ ခုလည္း လုပ္ေတာ့လုပ္ေနၾကတာပါပဲ။ လူအား ဥာဏ္အား ေဘာဂအားေတြ
ထပ္ဆင့္ေလာင္းေပးဖို႔ပဲ လိုပါေတာ့တယ္။

     အမွန္ကေတာ့ အေပၚမွာေရးခဲ့သလို “ဗမာ” လို႔ နာမည္တပ္ေျပာရမယ့္ကိစၥနဲ႔ပတ္သက္လို႔ ေရးရ
မွာကို ဝန္ေတာ့အေတာ္ေလးေနခဲ့မိပါတယ္။ အထူးသျဖင့္ ခုလိုရန္သူထက္ မိတ္ေဆြရွာခ်င္တဲ့ အခ်ိန္
မ်ိဳးမွာ မျပည့္စံုတဲ့အသိ ေလ့လာမႈနဲ႔ စိတ္ထဲရွိတာကို ေျပာထုတ္ရတာဟာမလိုလားစရာေတြဖက္ ဦး
တည္သြားႏိုင္သလို အျခားတြက္ကိန္းခ်က္ကိန္းေတြနဲ႔လည္း အင္မတန္အံေခ်ာ္တဲ့ လုပ္ရပ္တစ္ခုပါ။
ဒါေပမယ့္ အျခားတစ္ဖက္ကိုၾကည့္ျပန္ရင္ ျမန္မာျပည္မွာ (အထူးသျဖင့္) ႏိုင္ငံေရးနဲ႔ သမိုင္းက႑
ေတြမွာ ရိုးသားမႈ၊ တရားမွ်တမႈ၊ စိတ္ေစတနာအမွန္တကယ္ရွိမႈေတြ အမ်ားႀကီးလိုအပ္ေနပါတယ္။
က်ေနာ့္အေနနဲ႔ ကြက္လပ္ႀကီးတစ္ခုထဲကို အစက္ကေလးတစ္စက္ ခ်ၾကည့္တာပါ။ အားလံုးပါမွ၊ ၿပိဳင္
တူတြန္းမွ ေရြ႕မွာပါ။


မန္းကိုကို
၀၈၊ ၀၁၊ ၂၀၁၁

Karen History

Karen History

Ba Thein Sein, Saw
Born in 1927 in Henzada where he studied at the American Baptist Mission High School worked as a clerk at the war office in Rangoon until 1946. Became involved in the Insein uprising and shortly after joined 2nd Division commander Thackerbaw in the Taungoo-Kawkereik-Hlaingbwe area. 1n 1963 became a member of the KNU central committee and was appointed as education minister during the seventies and eighties, became a KNU General Secretary and Prime minister of Kawthoolei in 1984 and his now President of the KNU.
Ba U Gyi, Saw
Born in Bassin in 1905 to a wealthy landlord, after completing University in Rangoon, in 1925, he became a lawyer and was called to the English Bar two years later. Joined the Burmese Government in 1937 as Minster of revenue. After the war he formed the Karen Nation Union, in 1946, to represent Karen interests in post independence Burma and to call on the British to allow the Karens their own state. He accepted the post of Minister of Information from 1946 to February 1947 and then Minister of Transport before resigning in April 1947. In January 1949 led the Karen uprising in Insein. Was killed in an ambush on the 12th August 1950, near a small village 170 miles away from Moulmein.
The journalist U Thaung, who wasone of the reporters called to the scene recounts the following in his book 'A journalist, A General and an Army in Burma.'
'The military officers continued the press conference on the plane. Saw Ba U Gyi was captured dead, along with a high ranking Karen rebel leader (Saw Sankey) and an English Major who had been imprisoned for supplying arms (believed to be Captain Vivien who provided the arms in the Aung san assassination) they claimed. The journalist succeeded in getting the true story after cross examining them.
The rebel chieftain were captured alive and killed even though they had surrendered. 'They tried to run away when we arranged to take them to our nearest military camp. We couldn't help it. There was no way we could save them in such a situation. They said we could not print the truth so we used the official version 'Captured dead'.'
In order to avoid making a shrine to the fallen Karen hero Saw Ba U Gyi's body was thrown into the sea. To this day the 12th August is respected as Martyr's Day and ceremonies marking Saw Ba U Gyi's death are conducted by Karens throughout the world.
Ba Zan, Mahn (speeches)
Born in 1916 in Maubin where he later became a school teacher . Mahn Ba Zan joined the KNU in early 1947 and became the first commander of its military wing, the Karen Nation Defence Organisation (KNDO), on the 16th July that year.
A strong socialist and political ideologue, he negotiated an alliance with the Communist Party of Burma, in 1952, which then led to the formation of an umbrella organisation; the National Democratic United Front (NDUF).
As Vice chairman of the KNU, and steering force behind it's vanguard party - the Karen National United Party (KNUP) he was responsible for unifying the delta and the eastern Karens, led by Bo Mya, together in 1968. He was KNU Chairman from 1969 until 10th August 1976 when he became Chairman of the newly formed National Democratic Front. He died at Manerplaw in May 1982.
Benson, Naw Louisa
Born in Rangoon in 1941 the daughter of a Portuguese Jew and his Karen wife. Naw Louisa became Miss Burma in both 1956 and 1958 and acted in number of a films. After studying in Boston she returned to Burma and, in 1964, married ex-5th Brigade Commander Lin Tin who had surrendered with Saw Hunter Tha Mwe. After LIn Tin's death a year later near Thaton, she led his 5th Brigade back into the revolution. In 1967 she married an American, Glen Craing, and now lives in California where she is active in a number of overseas Karen organisations and pro-democracy groups.
Hla Pe, U
Born in 1909 in Thanpayapinseik village, Thaton. U Hla Pe, an ethnic Pa-O, was minister of forestry in Dr Ba Maw's government during the Japanese occupation and worked closely with Saw Ba U gyi after the war as vice-chairman of the Karen National Union was responsible for organising the Pa-O rebellion before succumbing to asthma on the 25th September 1975.
Hunter Thamwe, Saw
Born in 1905 in Bassein. Saw Hunter Thamwe studied at Judson College in Rangoon before becoming District educational inspector in Henzada. He joined the KNU in 1947 and was closely involved in the uprising in 1949. Leader of Karen forces in the delta and a strong rightwinger, Hunter Thamwe became chairman of the KNU from 1956 until 1963. Musso Kawkasa (emperor) as he became know surrendered to the Burmese in 1963. he died in Rangoon on the 2nd January 1980.
Kya Doe, Saw Henson
Born in 1907 in Myaungmya to a secondary school heamaster, entered Sandhurst military acadamy in 1930. Stayed behind during the second world war and joined the Burma Defence Army. A member of the anti-Japanese resistance in 1945 he became vice chief of staff after the war before leaving the army in the early fifties joined U Nu in the sixties and surrendered during the 1980 amnesty when he returned to Rangoon. He was appointed to the election commision in 1988.
Lin Tin
Born in 1925 in Thamaing near Rangoon. Lin Tin served with the Japanese forces as an interpreter for the Kempentei. In 1948 he joined the KNDO and participated in the rebellion one year later. He became commander, in 1956, of 5th Brigade in Thaton, and in 1961 was responsible for sending his troops to attack Mae Sot in what was believed to be retaliation after a dispute with Thai traders. In 1963 he surrendered with Saw Hunter Thamwe and married film actress and former Miss Burma Naw Louisa Benson. He was killed by Burmese agents in September 1965.

Saw Sydey Loo Nee

Saw Sydney Loo Nee was born in Rangoon, Arlone Karen section, on the third of November 1882 by the mother of Naw Kalaya Loo Nee and the father of Oo Loo Nee. He was the oldest son amount the three. All Sydney Loo Nee decedent were educated, popular and famous in national and political affair amount the Karen.

Dr T Than Bya, Oo Loo Nee (Sydney Loo Nee's father), and his uncle, formed the Daw K'lu K'run, Karen National Association (KNA). Sydney Loo Nee's father was a pastor and he acted as a General Secretary in the Karen National Association. After his father and uncle passed away, he and his relatives took responsibility for the Karen National Association. When the Karen National Association was first formed, Loo Nee's relatives took positions as General Secretary, Chairman, and Vice Chairman.

After he finished high school, he went to India to continue his education. Then he went to England to get his honor degree of Bar at Law. After he got a degree he came back to Burma.

When he came back to Burma, he continued to service in the Karen National Association, he did work for any other services. He devoted his full time to national affairs including political affairs till he was 40 years old and on April 27, 1922 he got married with Naw Andis Loo Nee and had one son and one daughter.

His duties were external and internal affairs of KNA. In addition, he also served as a member of the House of Representative, Chairman of Parliament, School Principal, a member of the Taungoo Development Agency, Director of the Union Bank Board, and chairman of the YMCA.

To reform the diarchy in Burma, so that the Karens would get a opportunity in the administration, Sydney Loo Nee and his representatives were sent to India on the twentieth of August 1917. There were one hundred and three members of parliament in the Diarchy administration. In 1923, there were five Karen representatives in the Burma Legislative council.

Sydney Loo Nee took a job as a member of representatives in the northern part of Bassein, from 1938 until 1941. During that administration, there were thirty-six members in the House of Commons and House of Representatives, eighteen people in each. Among these members, eighteen people were selected by the governor and the others were elected by the people. Three Karens took positions in parliament. Saw Sydney Loo Nee, took the position of chairperson in the house of representative within a month.

In 1946, he headed the Karen delegation to go to England representing the Daw K'lu Association. In 1939, the first Karen New Year was celebrated and five Karen leaders, including Sydney Loo Nee, signed a New Year facilitation to the Karen people. When he became a municipal councilor he named roads in the Karen quarter after his uncle and his father.

He died on the sixteenth of June 1965.

Maw Reh, Saw
A native Karenni born in in 1920 in In-Gyaw Village, Taungoo District. Saw Meh Raw was actively involved in the anti-Japanese movement during World War II and later joined the Karen Rifles. Unhappy with the Government, he formed the Karenni National Organisation in 1947 and one year later the United Karenni States' Independence Army which allied itself with the KNDO. He was captured and imprisoned by the Burmese Army in 1949. After his release in 1953, he rejoined the Karenni struggle and became Chairman of the KNPP from 1960 1977. Two years later he became chairman of the NDF and stayed in that position until 1991.
Padoh Mahn Sha Laphan (video)
General Secreatary, Karen National Union.
Bo Mya, Saw (video)
Born on the 20th January 1927, in Htee Moo Kee village, Papun District. He started school at the age of 10 in Papun district before having to abandon his studies due the outbreak in Asia of the second world war. He became a policeman and served under the Japanese regime before abandoning the position and joining Force 136. After the war he joined the AFPFL government's Uniion Military Police (UMP).
At the beginning of the Revolution he joined with the rank of corporal before being promoted Sergeant in 1949. By 1956 he had become company commander. By 1963 a rift had occurred between two separate factions of the Karen resistance movement led by Saw Hunter Thamwe and Mahn Ba Zan. He decided to support Mahn Ba Zan and was elected as a KNUP Central Committee member, however unhappy with the political stance the KNUP was taking, he split in 1965 to form the KNLC.
With the need for a united Karen front in 1968 both he and Mahn Ba Zan formed the Karen National United Front (KNUF) with Mahn Ba Zan as Chairman and Saw Bo Mya as Vice-Chairman, this organisation later changed, in 1969, into the Karen National Union.
In 1976, at an emergency meeting in Manerplaw, he was appointed President of the KNU and remained in that position until 2000. He is now vice-president and Supreme Commander of the Karen armed forces.
Sankey, Saw
Born in 1914 in Armherst, Moulmein Saw was a captain with Force 136 and later became a member of the Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry (FACE) which had been set up to try settle the ethnic disputes before independence. He became a commander in the KNDO in 1947 and joined Saw Ba U Gyi and died with him during a Burmese ambush on 12th August 1950.
Sgaw Ler Taw
Born in 1914 in Kyaunkpya, Taungoo he completed his studies at Judson College and became a headmaster in Tharrawaddy. He Force 136 during the war after which he returned to be an Headmaster. With the outbreak of the revolution he joined the KNU and became the acting chairman between 1953 and 1956. A leader of the KNUP in the Pego Yomas he led a delegation to meet the communst Party of Burma. He returned to Manerplaw where he was responsible for editing the English Language KNU Bulletin.
He died in Manerplaw on the 7th March 1989.
Tamla Baw, Saw
Born in 1920 in Moulmein, Saw Tamla Baw was a Lance corporal in the 2nd Burma rifles until the Japanese during which he joined Major Seagrim. He was captured by the Japanese and imprisoned but was able to escape four months later and join Force 136. He became an office in the First Karen Rifles after the war, he joined the Karen uprising in 1949 and participated in a number of conflict in Taungoo. He joined the KNLA in 1969 and is presently Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.
Than Aung, Saw
Born in in 1928 in Insein Township, Rangoon he completed his education at an Indian School in the Burmese capital where later he ran a transport company. After joining the Karen Revolution in January 1949 he joined Saw Hunter Thamwe worked both in the Taungoo-Papun areas and the Pegu Yomas. An official in the KNUP he became General Secretary of the KNU from 1975-1984 and Vice-president from 1984 until his death in Chiang Mai on the 2nd April 1992.

U Thuzana (video)
Born Maung Than Sein in Noh Hta Village, 45 miles north of Pa-an, 1310 ME, the 8th of 12 Children. Entered Kaw Karet Monastery at 8 years old until fourth standard when he moved to May Dar We Sarthintike (Monastery), Moulmein, Mon State. After three years he moved to Gardayon Sarthintike, Thaton. Became a member of people's militia after which, at the age of 20, he was ordained as a monk. Promulgated Buddhist teachings in KNU controlled areas around Mudon and Myaing Gyi Ngu. Was heavily involved in the incident at Thu Mwe Hta where his Buddhist followers amongst the Karen National Liberation Army revolted against the leadership leading to U Thuzana forming the Democatic Karen Buddhist Association (Organisation) on December 21st 1994 and some days later the armed wing of the faction - the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army.

Karen History

Ba Thein Sein, Saw
Born in 1927 in Henzada where he studied at the American Baptist Mission High School worked as a clerk at the war office in Rangoon until 1946. Became involved in the Insein uprising and shortly after joined 2nd Division commander Thackerbaw in the Taungoo-Kawkereik-Hlaingbwe area. 1n 1963 became a member of the KNU central committee and was appointed as education minister during the seventies and eighties, became a KNU General Secretary and Prime minister of Kawthoolei in 1984 and his now President of the KNU.
Ba U Gyi, Saw
Born in Bassin in 1905 to a wealthy landlord, after completing University in Rangoon, in 1925, he became a lawyer and was called to the English Bar two years later. Joined the Burmese Government in 1937 as Minster of revenue. After the war he formed the Karen Nation Union, in 1946, to represent Karen interests in post independence Burma and to call on the British to allow the Karens their own state. He accepted the post of Minister of Information from 1946 to February 1947 and then Minister of Transport before resigning in April 1947. In January 1949 led the Karen uprising in Insein. Was killed in an ambush on the 12th August 1950, near a small village 170 miles away from Moulmein.
The journalist U Thaung, who wasone of the reporters called to the scene recounts the following in his book 'A journalist, A General and an Army in Burma.'
'The military officers continued the press conference on the plane. Saw Ba U Gyi was captured dead, along with a high ranking Karen rebel leader (Saw Sankey) and an English Major who had been imprisoned for supplying arms (believed to be Captain Vivien who provided the arms in the Aung san assassination) they claimed. The journalist succeeded in getting the true story after cross examining them.
The rebel chieftain were captured alive and killed even though they had surrendered. 'They tried to run away when we arranged to take them to our nearest military camp. We couldn't help it. There was no way we could save them in such a situation. They said we could not print the truth so we used the official version 'Captured dead'.'
In order to avoid making a shrine to the fallen Karen hero Saw Ba U Gyi's body was thrown into the sea. To this day the 12th August is respected as Martyr's Day and ceremonies marking Saw Ba U Gyi's death are conducted by Karens throughout the world.
Ba Zan, Mahn (speeches)
Born in 1916 in Maubin where he later became a school teacher . Mahn Ba Zan joined the KNU in early 1947 and became the first commander of its military wing, the Karen Nation Defence Organisation (KNDO), on the 16th July that year.
A strong socialist and political ideologue, he negotiated an alliance with the Communist Party of Burma, in 1952, which then led to the formation of an umbrella organisation; the National Democratic United Front (NDUF).
As Vice chairman of the KNU, and steering force behind it's vanguard party - the Karen National United Party (KNUP) he was responsible for unifying the delta and the eastern Karens, led by Bo Mya, together in 1968. He was KNU Chairman from 1969 until 10th August 1976 when he became Chairman of the newly formed National Democratic Front. He died at Manerplaw in May 1982.
Benson, Naw Louisa
Born in Rangoon in 1941 the daughter of a Portuguese Jew and his Karen wife. Naw Louisa became Miss Burma in both 1956 and 1958 and acted in number of a films. After studying in Boston she returned to Burma and, in 1964, married ex-5th Brigade Commander Lin Tin who had surrendered with Saw Hunter Tha Mwe. After LIn Tin's death a year later near Thaton, she led his 5th Brigade back into the revolution. In 1967 she married an American, Glen Craing, and now lives in California where she is active in a number of overseas Karen organisations and pro-democracy groups.
Hla Pe, U
Born in 1909 in Thanpayapinseik village, Thaton. U Hla Pe, an ethnic Pa-O, was minister of forestry in Dr Ba Maw's government during the Japanese occupation and worked closely with Saw Ba U gyi after the war as vice-chairman of the Karen National Union was responsible for organising the Pa-O rebellion before succumbing to asthma on the 25th September 1975.
Hunter Thamwe, Saw
Born in 1905 in Bassein. Saw Hunter Thamwe studied at Judson College in Rangoon before becoming District educational inspector in Henzada. He joined the KNU in 1947 and was closely involved in the uprising in 1949. Leader of Karen forces in the delta and a strong rightwinger, Hunter Thamwe became chairman of the KNU from 1956 until 1963. Musso Kawkasa (emperor) as he became know surrendered to the Burmese in 1963. he died in Rangoon on the 2nd January 1980.
Kya Doe, Saw Henson
Born in 1907 in Myaungmya to a secondary school heamaster, entered Sandhurst military acadamy in 1930. Stayed behind during the second world war and joined the Burma Defence Army. A member of the anti-Japanese resistance in 1945 he became vice chief of staff after the war before leaving the army in the early fifties joined U Nu in the sixties and surrendered during the 1980 amnesty when he returned to Rangoon. He was appointed to the election commision in 1988.
Lin Tin
Born in 1925 in Thamaing near Rangoon. Lin Tin served with the Japanese forces as an interpreter for the Kempentei. In 1948 he joined the KNDO and participated in the rebellion one year later. He became commander, in 1956, of 5th Brigade in Thaton, and in 1961 was responsible for sending his troops to attack Mae Sot in what was believed to be retaliation after a dispute with Thai traders. In 1963 he surrendered with Saw Hunter Thamwe and married film actress and former Miss Burma Naw Louisa Benson. He was killed by Burmese agents in September 1965.

Saw Sydey Loo Nee

Saw Sydney Loo Nee was born in Rangoon, Arlone Karen section, on the third of November 1882 by the mother of Naw Kalaya Loo Nee and the father of Oo Loo Nee. He was the oldest son amount the three. All Sydney Loo Nee decedent were educated, popular and famous in national and political affair amount the Karen.

Dr T Than Bya, Oo Loo Nee (Sydney Loo Nee's father), and his uncle, formed the Daw K'lu K'run, Karen National Association (KNA). Sydney Loo Nee's father was a pastor and he acted as a General Secretary in the Karen National Association. After his father and uncle passed away, he and his relatives took responsibility for the Karen National Association. When the Karen National Association was first formed, Loo Nee's relatives took positions as General Secretary, Chairman, and Vice Chairman.

After he finished high school, he went to India to continue his education. Then he went to England to get his honor degree of Bar at Law. After he got a degree he came back to Burma.

When he came back to Burma, he continued to service in the Karen National Association, he did work for any other services. He devoted his full time to national affairs including political affairs till he was 40 years old and on April 27, 1922 he got married with Naw Andis Loo Nee and had one son and one daughter.

His duties were external and internal affairs of KNA. In addition, he also served as a member of the House of Representative, Chairman of Parliament, School Principal, a member of the Taungoo Development Agency, Director of the Union Bank Board, and chairman of the YMCA.

To reform the diarchy in Burma, so that the Karens would get a opportunity in the administration, Sydney Loo Nee and his representatives were sent to India on the twentieth of August 1917. There were one hundred and three members of parliament in the Diarchy administration. In 1923, there were five Karen representatives in the Burma Legislative council.

Sydney Loo Nee took a job as a member of representatives in the northern part of Bassein, from 1938 until 1941. During that administration, there were thirty-six members in the House of Commons and House of Representatives, eighteen people in each. Among these members, eighteen people were selected by the governor and the others were elected by the people. Three Karens took positions in parliament. Saw Sydney Loo Nee, took the position of chairperson in the house of representative within a month.

In 1946, he headed the Karen delegation to go to England representing the Daw K'lu Association. In 1939, the first Karen New Year was celebrated and five Karen leaders, including Sydney Loo Nee, signed a New Year facilitation to the Karen people. When he became a municipal councilor he named roads in the Karen quarter after his uncle and his father.

He died on the sixteenth of June 1965.

Maw Reh, Saw
A native Karenni born in in 1920 in In-Gyaw Village, Taungoo District. Saw Meh Raw was actively involved in the anti-Japanese movement during World War II and later joined the Karen Rifles. Unhappy with the Government, he formed the Karenni National Organisation in 1947 and one year later the United Karenni States' Independence Army which allied itself with the KNDO. He was captured and imprisoned by the Burmese Army in 1949. After his release in 1953, he rejoined the Karenni struggle and became Chairman of the KNPP from 1960 1977. Two years later he became chairman of the NDF and stayed in that position until 1991.
Padoh Mahn Sha Laphan (video)
General Secreatary, Karen National Union.
Bo Mya, Saw (video)
Born on the 20th January 1927, in Htee Moo Kee village, Papun District. He started school at the age of 10 in Papun district before having to abandon his studies due the outbreak in Asia of the second world war. He became a policeman and served under the Japanese regime before abandoning the position and joining Force 136. After the war he joined the AFPFL government's Uniion Military Police (UMP).
At the beginning of the Revolution he joined with the rank of corporal before being promoted Sergeant in 1949. By 1956 he had become company commander. By 1963 a rift had occurred between two separate factions of the Karen resistance movement led by Saw Hunter Thamwe and Mahn Ba Zan. He decided to support Mahn Ba Zan and was elected as a KNUP Central Committee member, however unhappy with the political stance the KNUP was taking, he split in 1965 to form the KNLC.
With the need for a united Karen front in 1968 both he and Mahn Ba Zan formed the Karen National United Front (KNUF) with Mahn Ba Zan as Chairman and Saw Bo Mya as Vice-Chairman, this organisation later changed, in 1969, into the Karen National Union.
In 1976, at an emergency meeting in Manerplaw, he was appointed President of the KNU and remained in that position until 2000. He is now vice-president and Supreme Commander of the Karen armed forces.
Sankey, Saw
Born in 1914 in Armherst, Moulmein Saw was a captain with Force 136 and later became a member of the Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry (FACE) which had been set up to try settle the ethnic disputes before independence. He became a commander in the KNDO in 1947 and joined Saw Ba U Gyi and died with him during a Burmese ambush on 12th August 1950.
Sgaw Ler Taw
Born in 1914 in Kyaunkpya, Taungoo he completed his studies at Judson College and became a headmaster in Tharrawaddy. He Force 136 during the war after which he returned to be an Headmaster. With the outbreak of the revolution he joined the KNU and became the acting chairman between 1953 and 1956. A leader of the KNUP in the Pego Yomas he led a delegation to meet the communst Party of Burma. He returned to Manerplaw where he was responsible for editing the English Language KNU Bulletin.
He died in Manerplaw on the 7th March 1989.
Tamla Baw, Saw
Born in 1920 in Moulmein, Saw Tamla Baw was a Lance corporal in the 2nd Burma rifles until the Japanese during which he joined Major Seagrim. He was captured by the Japanese and imprisoned but was able to escape four months later and join Force 136. He became an office in the First Karen Rifles after the war, he joined the Karen uprising in 1949 and participated in a number of conflict in Taungoo. He joined the KNLA in 1969 and is presently Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.
Than Aung, Saw
Born in in 1928 in Insein Township, Rangoon he completed his education at an Indian School in the Burmese capital where later he ran a transport company. After joining the Karen Revolution in January 1949 he joined Saw Hunter Thamwe worked both in the Taungoo-Papun areas and the Pegu Yomas. An official in the KNUP he became General Secretary of the KNU from 1975-1984 and Vice-president from 1984 until his death in Chiang Mai on the 2nd April 1992.

U Thuzana (video)
Born Maung Than Sein in Noh Hta Village, 45 miles north of Pa-an, 1310 ME, the 8th of 12 Children. Entered Kaw Karet Monastery at 8 years old until fourth standard when he moved to May Dar We Sarthintike (Monastery), Moulmein, Mon State. After three years he moved to Gardayon Sarthintike, Thaton. Became a member of people's militia after which, at the age of 20, he was ordained as a monk. Promulgated Buddhist teachings in KNU controlled areas around Mudon and Myaing Gyi Ngu. Was heavily involved in the incident at Thu Mwe Hta where his Buddhist followers amongst the Karen National Liberation Army revolted against the leadership leading to U Thuzana forming the Democatic Karen Buddhist Association (Organisation) on December 21st 1994 and some days later the armed wing of the faction - the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army.

Born in 1927 in Henzada where he studied at the American Baptist Mission High School worked as a clerk at the war office in Rangoon until 1946. Became involved in the Insein uprising and shortly after joined 2nd Division commander Thackerbaw in the Taungoo-Kawkereik-Hlaingbwe area. 1n 1963 became a member of the KNU central committee and was appointed as education minister during the seventies and eighties, became a KNU General Secretary and Prime minister of Kawthoolei in 1984 and his now President of the KNU.
Ba U Gyi, Saw
Born in Bassin in 1905 to a wealthy landlord, after completing University in Rangoon, in 1925, he became a lawyer and was called to the English Bar two years later. Joined the Burmese Government in 1937 as Minster of revenue. After the war he formed the Karen Nation Union, in 1946, to represent Karen interests in post independence Burma and to call on the British to allow the Karens their own state. He accepted the post of Minister of Information from 1946 to February 1947 and then Minister of Transport before resigning in April 1947. In January 1949 led the Karen uprising in Insein. Was killed in an ambush on the 12th August 1950, near a small village 170 miles away from Moulmein.
The journalist U Thaung, who wasone of the reporters called to the scene recounts the following in his book 'A journalist, A General and an Army in Burma.'
'The military officers continued the press conference on the plane. Saw Ba U Gyi was captured dead, along with a high ranking Karen rebel leader (Saw Sankey) and an English Major who had been imprisoned for supplying arms (believed to be Captain Vivien who provided the arms in the Aung san assassination) they claimed. The journalist succeeded in getting the true story after cross examining them.
The rebel chieftain were captured alive and killed even though they had surrendered. 'They tried to run away when we arranged to take them to our nearest military camp. We couldn't help it. There was no way we could save them in such a situation. They said we could not print the truth so we used the official version 'Captured dead'.'
In order to avoid making a shrine to the fallen Karen hero Saw Ba U Gyi's body was thrown into the sea. To this day the 12th August is respected as Martyr's Day and ceremonies marking Saw Ba U Gyi's death are conducted by Karens throughout the world.
Ba Zan, Mahn (speeches)
Born in 1916 in Maubin where he later became a school teacher . Mahn Ba Zan joined the KNU in early 1947 and became the first commander of its military wing, the Karen Nation Defence Organisation (KNDO), on the 16th July that year.
A strong socialist and political ideologue, he negotiated an alliance with the Communist Party of Burma, in 1952, which then led to the formation of an umbrella organisation; the National Democratic United Front (NDUF).
As Vice chairman of the KNU, and steering force behind it's vanguard party - the Karen National United Party (KNUP) he was responsible for unifying the delta and the eastern Karens, led by Bo Mya, together in 1968. He was KNU Chairman from 1969 until 10th August 1976 when he became Chairman of the newly formed National Democratic Front. He died at Manerplaw in May 1982.
Benson, Naw Louisa
Born in Rangoon in 1941 the daughter of a Portuguese Jew and his Karen wife. Naw Louisa became Miss Burma in both 1956 and 1958 and acted in number of a films. After studying in Boston she returned to Burma and, in 1964, married ex-5th Brigade Commander Lin Tin who had surrendered with Saw Hunter Tha Mwe. After LIn Tin's death a year later near Thaton, she led his 5th Brigade back into the revolution. In 1967 she married an American, Glen Craing, and now lives in California where she is active in a number of overseas Karen organisations and pro-democracy groups.
Hla Pe, U
Born in 1909 in Thanpayapinseik village, Thaton. U Hla Pe, an ethnic Pa-O, was minister of forestry in Dr Ba Maw's government during the Japanese occupation and worked closely with Saw Ba U gyi after the war as vice-chairman of the Karen National Union was responsible for organising the Pa-O rebellion before succumbing to asthma on the 25th September 1975.
Hunter Thamwe, Saw
Born in 1905 in Bassein. Saw Hunter Thamwe studied at Judson College in Rangoon before becoming District educational inspector in Henzada. He joined the KNU in 1947 and was closely involved in the uprising in 1949. Leader of Karen forces in the delta and a strong rightwinger, Hunter Thamwe became chairman of the KNU from 1956 until 1963. Musso Kawkasa (emperor) as he became know surrendered to the Burmese in 1963. he died in Rangoon on the 2nd January 1980.
Kya Doe, Saw Henson
Born in 1907 in Myaungmya to a secondary school heamaster, entered Sandhurst military acadamy in 1930. Stayed behind during the second world war and joined the Burma Defence Army. A member of the anti-Japanese resistance in 1945 he became vice chief of staff after the war before leaving the army in the early fifties joined U Nu in the sixties and surrendered during the 1980 amnesty when he returned to Rangoon. He was appointed to the election commision in 1988.
Lin Tin
Born in 1925 in Thamaing near Rangoon. Lin Tin served with the Japanese forces as an interpreter for the Kempentei. In 1948 he joined the KNDO and participated in the rebellion one year later. He became commander, in 1956, of 5th Brigade in Thaton, and in 1961 was responsible for sending his troops to attack Mae Sot in what was believed to be retaliation after a dispute with Thai traders. In 1963 he surrendered with Saw Hunter Thamwe and married film actress and former Miss Burma Naw Louisa Benson. He was killed by Burmese agents in September 1965.

Saw Sydey Loo Nee

Saw Sydney Loo Nee was born in Rangoon, Arlone Karen section, on the third of November 1882 by the mother of Naw Kalaya Loo Nee and the father of Oo Loo Nee. He was the oldest son amount the three. All Sydney Loo Nee decedent were educated, popular and famous in national and political affair amount the Karen.

Dr T Than Bya, Oo Loo Nee (Sydney Loo Nee's father), and his uncle, formed the Daw K'lu K'run, Karen National Association (KNA). Sydney Loo Nee's father was a pastor and he acted as a General Secretary in the Karen National Association. After his father and uncle passed away, he and his relatives took responsibility for the Karen National Association. When the Karen National Association was first formed, Loo Nee's relatives took positions as General Secretary, Chairman, and Vice Chairman.

After he finished high school, he went to India to continue his education. Then he went to England to get his honor degree of Bar at Law. After he got a degree he came back to Burma.

When he came back to Burma, he continued to service in the Karen National Association, he did work for any other services. He devoted his full time to national affairs including political affairs till he was 40 years old and on April 27, 1922 he got married with Naw Andis Loo Nee and had one son and one daughter.

His duties were external and internal affairs of KNA. In addition, he also served as a member of the House of Representative, Chairman of Parliament, School Principal, a member of the Taungoo Development Agency, Director of the Union Bank Board, and chairman of the YMCA.

To reform the diarchy in Burma, so that the Karens would get a opportunity in the administration, Sydney Loo Nee and his representatives were sent to India on the twentieth of August 1917. There were one hundred and three members of parliament in the Diarchy administration. In 1923, there were five Karen representatives in the Burma Legislative council.

Sydney Loo Nee took a job as a member of representatives in the northern part of Bassein, from 1938 until 1941. During that administration, there were thirty-six members in the House of Commons and House of Representatives, eighteen people in each. Among these members, eighteen people were selected by the governor and the others were elected by the people. Three Karens took positions in parliament. Saw Sydney Loo Nee, took the position of chairperson in the house of representative within a month.

In 1946, he headed the Karen delegation to go to England representing the Daw K'lu Association. In 1939, the first Karen New Year was celebrated and five Karen leaders, including Sydney Loo Nee, signed a New Year facilitation to the Karen people. When he became a municipal councilor he named roads in the Karen quarter after his uncle and his father.

He died on the sixteenth of June 1965.

Maw Reh, Saw
A native Karenni born in in 1920 in In-Gyaw Village, Taungoo District. Saw Meh Raw was actively involved in the anti-Japanese movement during World War II and later joined the Karen Rifles. Unhappy with the Government, he formed the Karenni National Organisation in 1947 and one year later the United Karenni States' Independence Army which allied itself with the KNDO. He was captured and imprisoned by the Burmese Army in 1949. After his release in 1953, he rejoined the Karenni struggle and became Chairman of the KNPP from 1960 1977. Two years later he became chairman of the NDF and stayed in that position until 1991.
Padoh Mahn Sha Laphan (video)
General Secreatary, Karen National Union.
Bo Mya, Saw (video)
Born on the 20th January 1927, in Htee Moo Kee village, Papun District. He started school at the age of 10 in Papun district before having to abandon his studies due the outbreak in Asia of the second world war. He became a policeman and served under the Japanese regime before abandoning the position and joining Force 136. After the war he joined the AFPFL government's Uniion Military Police (UMP).
At the beginning of the Revolution he joined with the rank of corporal before being promoted Sergeant in 1949. By 1956 he had become company commander. By 1963 a rift had occurred between two separate factions of the Karen resistance movement led by Saw Hunter Thamwe and Mahn Ba Zan. He decided to support Mahn Ba Zan and was elected as a KNUP Central Committee member, however unhappy with the political stance the KNUP was taking, he split in 1965 to form the KNLC.
With the need for a united Karen front in 1968 both he and Mahn Ba Zan formed the Karen National United Front (KNUF) with Mahn Ba Zan as Chairman and Saw Bo Mya as Vice-Chairman, this organisation later changed, in 1969, into the Karen National Union.
In 1976, at an emergency meeting in Manerplaw, he was appointed President of the KNU and remained in that position until 2000. He is now vice-president and Supreme Commander of the Karen armed forces.
Sankey, Saw
Born in 1914 in Armherst, Moulmein Saw was a captain with Force 136 and later became a member of the Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry (FACE) which had been set up to try settle the ethnic disputes before independence. He became a commander in the KNDO in 1947 and joined Saw Ba U Gyi and died with him during a Burmese ambush on 12th August 1950.
Sgaw Ler Taw
Born in 1914 in Kyaunkpya, Taungoo he completed his studies at Judson College and became a headmaster in Tharrawaddy. He Force 136 during the war after which he returned to be an Headmaster. With the outbreak of the revolution he joined the KNU and became the acting chairman between 1953 and 1956. A leader of the KNUP in the Pego Yomas he led a delegation to meet the communst Party of Burma. He returned to Manerplaw where he was responsible for editing the English Language KNU Bulletin.
He died in Manerplaw on the 7th March 1989.
Tamla Baw, Saw
Born in 1920 in Moulmein, Saw Tamla Baw was a Lance corporal in the 2nd Burma rifles until the Japanese during which he joined Major Seagrim. He was captured by the Japanese and imprisoned but was able to escape four months later and join Force 136. He became an office in the First Karen Rifles after the war, he joined the Karen uprising in 1949 and participated in a number of conflict in Taungoo. He joined the KNLA in 1969 and is presently Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.
Than Aung, Saw
Born in in 1928 in Insein Township, Rangoon he completed his education at an Indian School in the Burmese capital where later he ran a transport company. After joining the Karen Revolution in January 1949 he joined Saw Hunter Thamwe worked both in the Taungoo-Papun areas and the Pegu Yomas. An official in the KNUP he became General Secretary of the KNU from 1975-1984 and Vice-president from 1984 until his death in Chiang Mai on the 2nd April 1992.

U Thuzana (video)
Born Maung Than Sein in Noh Hta Village, 45 miles north of Pa-an, 1310 ME, the 8th of 12 Children. Entered Kaw Karet Monastery at 8 years old until fourth standard when he moved to May Dar We Sarthintike (Monastery), Moulmein, Mon State. After three years he moved to Gardayon Sarthintike, Thaton. Became a member of people's militia after which, at the age of 20, he was ordained as a monk. Promulgated Buddhist teachings in KNU controlled areas around Mudon and Myaing Gyi Ngu. Was heavily involved in the incident at Thu Mwe Hta where his Buddhist followers amongst the Karen National Liberation Army revolted against the leadership leading to U Thuzana forming the Democatic Karen Buddhist Association (Organisation) on December 21st 1994 and some days later the armed wing of the faction - the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army.